Pode-se afirmar que:

Item 3 - O coeficiente de assimetria é adimensional.

Indique se a alternativa abaixo são falsa ou verdadeira:

Item 0 - Políticas acomodativas em resposta a um choque positivo de preços são recomendadas se a estabilidade do produto tiver prioridade sobre a estabilidade de preços.

II. ECONOMIC INTEGRATION AND MONEY AND CAPITAL MARKETS

As in goods, so in money, markets start small and grow in extent. McKinnon and Shaw, writing separately on the importance of wide, deep and efficient money and capital markets in developing countries, have renewed the interest of economic historians in the agglomeration of local and regional into national money and capital markets within countries, as well as international money, banking, lending and investment.

The question was much on the minds of the citizenry of France in the 18th and 19th centuries, with many merchants and intellectuals seeking to spread banking outside the ports, Paris and Lyons to the provincial cities and towns, and calling for regional banks of issue to supplement centralized institutions. Both in Britain an France, the central bank was attacked for working on behalf of the financial centre instead of the country as a whole. It was not unusual to have the Bank of England referred to as the Bank of London, the Bank of France as the Bank of Paris. John Law, Napoleon I, Jacques Laffitte, the Pereire brothers - indeed the entire school of Saint-Somoniens - share what is referred to in the United States as the populist view, according to which Wall Street, the City of London, or the Paris financial community both exploits the rest of the country and ignores their interests.

Sir Thomas Roe, writing in 1960, said with reference to London and the rest of England: “It is no good for a body state to have a fat head, thin guts and lean members”.

Economic development requires and brings about the spread of banking institutions more evenly through a country, more nearly equalizing rates of interest - which had been low in such places as Lyons and Paris, high in intermediate centres such as Dijon or Lille. Domestic trade flourished where provincial borrowers had access to capital at more nearly uniform rates, and could collect their drafts anywhere, and not only in the financial capital (p.77-78).

You can infer from the text that:

Item 4 - The idea that major financial centers exploit the rest of the country is considered populist in the United States.

Indique se a alternativa abaixo são falsa ou verdadeira:

Item 2 - Se a política monetária fixa meta para a base monetária, a curva LM que ilustra esta situação deve mostrar a taxa de juros caindo na medida que o produto aumenta, para manter a demanda de moeda em equilíbrio com a oferta.

Em um modelo clássico de regressão linear múltipla:

Item 1 - Os testes t e F não são equivalentes.

I. INTRODUCTION

The law of one price states that in one market there is one price, from which almost follows, but not quite, that when there is one price there is one market. Adam Smith put it that the division of labor was determined by the extent of the market. Like him, I am suggesting that a most powerful tool for abserving the course of economic history is to examine the changing - for the most part growing - size of the market for goods, services, money and factors of production, including capital, labour, business enterprises, and if one is allowed to go beyond classical limits, ideas or information. The size of the market, moreover, is determined at any one time by the costs of overcoming distance and ignorance, by differences in tastes in private and public goods, and by imposition or removal of natural or governmental barriers to the transport of outputs and inputs and the dissemination of knowledge.

Our tradition in economics has been to concentrate unduly on trade policy, and on the imposition and removal of tariffs, subsidies, prohibitions and the like. Early definitions of economic integration identified it with free trade. But if integration means incorporation in one market, with one price, it is evident that markets may be separated in more ways than merely by government policy. Government may discriminate by source of supply and thus separate markets, but Nature and man may also discriminate, Nature by separating potential producers and consumers geographically, individual man by having different tastes for goods, occupations, habitats and the like, social man different tastes in public goods (p. 67-68).

According to the text:

Item 1 - Smith’s ideas on the size of the market and the division of labor are extended to the whole spectrum of economic transformations.

O representante de um grupo comunitário informa a uma pessoa interessada em estabelecer um centro comercial que a renda média familiar na área é de R$ 15.000. Suponha que, para a área em questão, seja possível admitir que a renda média familiar tem distribuição aproximadamente normal, e que se possa aceitar o desvio-padrão como sendo R$ 2.000 (com base em um estudo anterior). Para uma amostra aleatória de 16 famílias, a renda média familiar foi de R$ 15.500. O centro comercial só será construído se o nível médio de renda familiar (!$ \mu !$) for maior que o informado.

Item 0 - A hipótese nula deve ser !$ H_0: \, \mu \, = !$ R$ 15.000.

Indique se a alternativa abaixo são falsa ou verdadeira:

Item 1 - A inclinação da curva de demanda agregada é determinada, entre outros fatores, pela propensão marginal a consumir.

Nos termos do modelo IS-LM, indique se a alternativa abaixo são falsa ou verdadeira:

Item 3 - A política fiscal, por definição, é sempre eficaz.

Indique se a alternativa abaixo são falsa ou verdadeira:

Item 2 - Em virtude de defasagens, os investimentos são inelásticos à taxa de juros no curtíssimo prazo. Segue-se que a curva IS de curtíssimo prazo é mais inclinada que a de curto prazo.