As raízes históricas dos desequilíbrios regionais brasileiros podem ser explicadas por elementos contidos na seguinte assertiva:

Item 2 - O mercado para o açúcar nordestino só voltou a crescer, embora os preços permanecessem deprimidos, a partir da expansão do café na região Sudeste.

Indique se a proposição, relativa às teorias do consumo e do investimento, está certo ou errado:

Item 3 - Segundo a teoria do Ciclo de Vida, uma política que transfira renda de consumidores de meia-idade para consumidores mais velhos aumentaria a poupança agregada.

A ruptura institucional de 1964 continuou a explorar um padrão de desenvolvimento semelhante ao dos anos 50: associação com empresas estrangeiras, padrões de consumo do Primeiro Mundo e adoção de tecnologias características destes padrões. Identifique abaixo quais foram as reformas institucionais implementadas pelo governo militar naquele ano e nos anos seguintes que lograram reduzir a taxa de inflação de cerca de 100% para algo em torno de 20%, em 1969.

Item 3 - Criação do FGTS, do Banco Nacional de Habitação e do Sistema Financeiro da Habitação.

BASED ON YOUR INTERPRETATION OF THE TEXT THAT FOLLOWS, DETERMINE IF EVERY STATEMENT IS RIGHT OR WRONG.

SECOND TEXT

Sir, - Allow a working man to thank you for your able article on “strikes” in The Times of yesterday, and to avoid waste of your valuable space, I will proceed at once to give you a case in point.

I was three months ago at work for a good master in a good shop, one among 200, and quite content, as was the majority, with the remuneration received – viz., 5s per day. About this time trade meetings were convened to discuss the propriety of demanding an advance of 10 per cent, or 5s. 6d. per day, and a few of our men attended. A deputation was appointed and awaited on our employer, with an intimation that, unless their demand was complied with, a “strike” would be the result. The master plainly stated that, having contracts on hand to a very great amount, the completion of which in a few months was insured by heavy penalties, he could not, without great pecuniary loss, - indeed, not without risk of failure, - at once grant their request, but that, if his men would remain at their work on the then terms, he would endeavor to make such arrangements as would enable him to meet their demand when a portion of his present contracts were worked out, - say, in five or six month; but, no; the deputation were not inclined to entertain anything so reasonable as this. Other meetings were called, at which some half-dozen “speakers” and “grand movers” used all their eloquence to prove employers tyrants and workmen slaves. The result was a “turn-out”; the great majority going out because they were afraid to be marked men, and because they had no confidence in each other, although they were convinced they were thereby doing their employer an injustice and running a risk of gaining a questionable advantage for themselves. After remaining idle some time the contracts pressed so much that our employer was compelled to succumb, and we all returned with the advance demanded. But mark the sequel. I and a great many others were in a short time discharged, and arrangements were made to extend the time for several large contracts, thereby dispensing with our services. Another result is, that the high rate of wages in town has drawn so many hands from the country, although there was no lack of workmen before the advance, that I have not been able since to procure a job at the new rate of wages; and, Sir, my case is the case of hundreds besides. To keep myself from starving, I offered to work in a large shop at the old rate of 5s., but as soon as this became known I was literally hunted out of the shop, and I am now, no doubt, what is so much dreaded by all my class – a marked man.

I am not allowed to work for what my own conviction tells me is a fair remuneration, and cannot procure employment at the advanced rate, as no master is inclined to set on more workmen, under present circumstances, than will just complete what he is compelled by heavy penalties to finish in a given time. Thus, Sir, you see that numbers may remain out of employment- a burden to themselves and to society – that those who are so lucky as to be retained may exult in having obtained a trifling advantage, which they are all along afraid (and nor without reason) of losing every day. At the same time it is certain that had the “supply and demand” been duly considered, a strike or a rise would not have taken place, to throw us into this uncomfortable and ruinous state of affairs.

Your willingness to give ear to a poor man’s grievances, and my cause to complain, must be my apology for troubling you with so long a letter.

I am, Sir, your obedient servant,

A Sufferer.

An Ostracized Workman to the Editor of the Times (Letter to The Times, October 10, 1853). Published in:

Charles Dickens, Hard Times. W.W. Norton & Co, 1990: 281-282.

According to the text the majority of the workers supported the strike because:

Item 0 - They were convinced of the legitimacy of their demands.

Sobre o mercado de trabalho e a Curva de Phillips, pode-se afirmar que:

Item 4 - Como a hipótese de expectativas racionais não implica previsão perfeita, ela é compatível com a ocorrência de desvios da taxa de desemprego em relação a seu valor natural.

Assinale C (certo) ou E (errado):

Item 2 - Seja !$ I !$ uma matriz identidade !$ n × n !$ e !$ X !$ uma matriz !$ n × k !$ com posto igual a !$ k !$. Então, se !$ A = \left \lfloor I - X(X'X)^{-1} X'\right \rfloor !$ então !$ A !$ é simétrica e !$ det (A'A) > det (A) !$.

A proposição abaixo versa sobre finanças públicas. Indique se está certo ou errado:

Item 0 - De acordo com a equivalência ricardiana, o governo deveria financiar seus gastos por meio da emissão de dívida pública, pois desta forma não provocará uma redução do consumo privado.

A função de utilidade do tipo von Neumann-Morgenstern de um agente é dada por u(M), em que M é a renda monetária do agente:

Item 0 - Se u(M) = log (M), então o agente é avesso ao risco.

Assinale C (certo) ou E (errado):

Item 2 - Se !$ 0 < a < b < 1 !$, então a série !$ a + b + a^2 + b^2 + a^3 + b^3 + ... !$ é convergente.

Considere o modelo Mundell-Fleming e responda se a afirmação abaixo está certo ou errado:

Item 1 - Em um país pequeno, com taxa de câmbio fixa e perfeita mobilidade de capitais, uma política monetária contracionista provoca uma redução no estoque de moeda estrangeira em poder do Banco Central.