O autor americano Herman Melville escreveu a seguinte passagem em seu livro “Moby Dick”, publicado em 1851:

“Todos nós sabemos que assombroso peso atmosférico suporta cada um de nós (...). Que enorme peso não suportará, pois, uma baleia sobre o seu lombo, nessa coluna de (...) líquido! Deve ser pelo menos igual ao de cinquenta atmosferas.”

Letícia e Antônia são gêmeas dizigóticas. A primeira apresenta pele clara e cabelos loiros, e a segunda possui cabelos escuros e pele negra. Dentre as explicações para as diferenças fenotípicas destas irmãs, está o processo de formação dos gametas dos quais se originaram. Nesse processo, houve segregação independente dos cromossomos homólogos na:

O sistema circulatório de vertebrados é formado pelo coração, artérias e veias, sendo responsável pelo transporte de nutrientes e oxigênio para as diversas partes do corpo. As Figuras 1 e 2, ilustradas abaixo, representam o sistema circulatório de diferentes grupos de vertebrados.

Japan’s Prisons Are a Haven for Elderly Women

Lonely seniors are shoplifting in search of the community and stability of jail.

Every aging society faces distinct challenges. But Japan, with the world’s oldest population (27.3 percent of its citizens are 65 or older, almost twice the share in the U.S.), has been dealing with one it didn’t foresee: senior crime. Complaints and arrests involving elderly people, and women in particular, are taking place at rates above those of any other demographic group. Almost 1 in 5 women in Japanese prisons is a senior. Their crimes are usually minor—9 in 10 senior women who’ve been convicted were found guilty of shoplifting.

Why have so many otherwise law-abiding elderly women resorted to petty theft? Caring for Japanese seniors once fell to families and communities, but that’s changing. From 1980 to 2015, the number of seniors living alone increased more than sixfold, to almost 6 million. And a 2017 survey by Tokyo’s government found that more than half of seniors caught shoplifting live alone; 40 percent either don’t have family or rarely speak with relatives. These people often say they have no one to turn to when they need help.

Elderly women are also often economically vulnerable— nearly half of those 65 or older who live alone also live in poverty relative to the broader population, for example, compared with 29 percent of men.

Neither the government nor the private sector has established an effective rehabilitation program for seniors, and the costs to keep them in prison are rising fast. Expenses associated with elder care helped push annual medical costs at correctional facilities past $50 million in 2015, an 80 percent increase from a decade before. Specialized workers have been hired to help older inmates with bathing and toileting during the day, but at night these tasks are handled by guards.

At some facilities, being a correctional officer has come to resemble being a nursing-home attendant. More than a third of female correctional officers quit their jobs within three years.

In 2016, Japan’s parliament passed a law aiming to ensure that recidivist seniors get support from the country’s welfare and social-service systems. Since then, prosecutor’s offices and prisons have worked closely with government agencies to get senior offenders the assistance they need. But the problems that lead these women to seek the relative comfort of jail lie beyond the system’s reach.

Adaptado de: <

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2018-03-

16/japan-s-prisons-are-a-haven-for-elderly-women>

Acessado em 25 de março de 2018.

Elderly people in Japan have taken to commit petty thefts

1) because they are willing to experience some adventure.

2) due to the fact that some have experienced loneliness.

3) on account of a mental illness beyond their own control.

4) as a result of insufficient funds to cope with the cost of living.

5) in order to be remembered by their loved ones while in jail.

The correct alternatives are:

Vidas secas, de Graciliano Ramos, é um dos romances mais importantes do chamado Romance Regionalista de 30. Nele, o leitor encontra um painel da região Nordeste e, particularmente, da vida dos seus despossuídos. Dentre as várias regiões que compõem o Nordeste, qual serve de cenário para o citado romance de Graciliano Ramos?

Durante o processo evolutivo, a conquista do ambiente terrestre proporcionou o aparecimento de várias novas adaptações para as plantas. Considerando o exposto, indique, dentre as opções abaixo, a que inclui tecidos de sustentação vegetal formados, respectivamente, por células vivas e mortas:

O índigo é um corante natural, extraído da anileira (Indigofera suffruticosa), muito utilizado no final do século XIX para tingir tecidos com a cor azul. A estrutura do índigo está representada abaixo:

A prosa e a poesia brasileiras foram, ao longo dos séculos XVII e parte do XVIII, barrocas. Nomes como Gregório de Matos, na poesia, e Padre Antônio Vieira, na prosa, definiram os inícios da literatura brasileira. No que diz respeito ao Barroco, que traços estilísticos podemos reconhecer na sua estética literária?

1) Linguagem desprovida de adorno e de figuras.

2) Busca por uma sintaxe rebuscada.

3) Uso frequente de antíteses e hipérboles.

4) Linguagem coloquial, próxima do falar cotidiano.

5) Preocupação com a linguagem culta.

Estão corretas apenas: