Quaresma viveu lá, no manicômio, resignadamente, conversando com os seus companheiros, onde via ricos que se diziam pobres, pobres que se queriam ricos, sábios a maldizer da sabedoria, ignorantes a se proclamarem sábios; mas, deles todos, daquele que mais se admirou, foi de um velho e plácido negociante da Rua dos Pescadores que se supunha Átila¹. Eu, dizia o pacato velho, sou Átila, sabe? Sou Átila. Tinha fracas notícias da personagem, sabia o nome e nada mais. Sou Átila, matei muita gente – e era só.

Saiu o major mais triste ainda do que vivera toda a vida. De todas as cousas tristes de ver, no mundo, a mais triste é a loucura; é a mais depressora e pungente.

Aquela continuação da nossa vida tal e qual, com um desarranjo imperceptível, mas profundo e quase sempre insondável, que a inutiliza inteiramente, faz pensar em alguma cousa mais forte que nós, que nos guia, que nos impele e em cujas mãos somos simples joguetes. Em vários tempos e lugares, a loucura foi considerada sagrada, e deve haver razão nisso no sentimento que se apodera de nós quando, ao vermos um louco desarrazoar, pensamos logo que já não é ele quem fala, é alguém, alguém que vê por ele, interpreta as cousas por ele, está atrás dele, invisível!...

(Triste fim de Policarpo Quaresma, 1992.)

Enquanto nas cidades o poder ficou nas mãos dos bispos, nos campos, concentrou-se na dos grandes proprietários. O governo romano perdeu força: já não era capaz de cobrar os impostos de maneira eficiente, nem mesmo de pagar os exércitos. Em 476, o último imperador romano foi deposto. Era o fim do Império Romano e do mundo antigo e o início de uma nova era, a Idade Média.

(Carlos Augusto Ribeiro Machado. Roma e seu império, 2004. Adaptado.)

There is nothing conventional about 17-year-old Michael Fuller’s relationship with music. As someone with high-functioning autism who sees the world through sound, creating melodies from the bustle of the high street or trains on the tracks feels more natural than any social interaction. This hardwired connection to sound has been with him for as long as he can remember.

By the age of 11, Michael could play Mozart by ear, having taught himself to play the piano through a mobile phone app. The app highlighted notes on a keyboard as classical music played. He describes his unusual musical talent as “downloading” music into his head. His mother, Nadine, remembers that as a child Michael would “suddenly pop up and say: ‘I’ve got a symphony’”. Michael took to the piano and found he could quickly perform complex pieces from memory.

“I liked what I was hearing, sought more music and began studying through Google and YouTube,” he remembers. “It was very organic. I would listen in great depth and the music would be implanted in my mind. I could then just play it on the piano – all without being taught.”

Growing up in a family that listened to reggae over classical music, Michael feels “very much aware” of how different his approach is to music – symbolised by the way he taught himself piano as a child. This, his mother says, came as a “surprise to the family and myself – I’d never listened to classical music in my life”.

It was not long after learning to play the piano that Michael started composing his own works. Describing this process as “making music with my mind”, Michael says composing classical symphonies “helps me to express myself through music – it makes me calm”. Michael wants to nurture his song writing to achieve his ambition of becoming a modern mainstream classical artist. He wants to control the creative process, unlike typical modern-day composers, who he says “write blobs on a page, hand it over to the musicians – then say bye-bye and stay in the background and get no recognition”. Instead, Michael is determined to take centre stage.

(Alex Taylor. www.bbc.com, 27.03.2018. Adaptado.)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Eles começam a mudar tudo na saúde. Para citar algumas das transformações: tornam o diagnóstico preciso, ajudam a desenhar tratamentos para cada paciente, a levar o cuidado a regiões distantes e a encontrar remédios eficazes em tempo recorde. Na saúde, assim como em outras áreas da vida contemporânea, os robôs revolucionam. “Seu uso é um ponto de virada na medicina”, afirma o médico Gregg Meyer, do Massachusetts General Hospital, da Universidade Harvard (EUA), e um dos mais respeitados estudiosos do assunto. Na edição deste ano do Fórum de Inovação Médica Mundial, realizada recentemente em Boston, o tema foi um dos destaques, reunindo 1,5 mil pessoas só para debatê-lo.

Robô é o nome palatável encontrado para definir os complexos sistemas de algoritmos que baseiam a inteligência artificial. Em linhas gerais, trata-se da utilização do maior número possível de dados disponível sobre determinado assunto, seu cruzamento e, como consequência, a identificação de padrões. Na saúde, as informações geradas no processo esclarecem ou confirmam suspeitas diagnósticas e indicam a resposta do paciente ao tratamento. Além dos ganhos médicos, reduzem os custos ao evitar gastos em terapias desnecessárias.

(https://istoe.com.br, 25.05.2018.)

Perguntas grandes

Pessoas que são leitoras de meus livros parecem ter receio de que eu, por estar escrevendo em jornal, faça o que se chama de concessões. E muitas disseram: “Seja você mesma.”

Um dia desses, ao ouvir um “seja você mesma”, de repente senti-me entre perplexa e desamparada. É que também de repente me vieram então perguntas terríveis: quem sou eu? como sou? o que ser? quem sou realmente? e eu sou?

Mas eram perguntas maiores do que eu.

(A descoberta do mundo, 1999.)

There is nothing conventional about 17-year-old Michael Fuller’s relationship with music. As someone with high-functioning autism who sees the world through sound, creating melodies from the bustle of the high street or trains on the tracks feels more natural than any social interaction. This hardwired connection to sound has been with him for as long as he can remember.

By the age of 11, Michael could play Mozart by ear, having taught himself to play the piano through a mobile phone app. The app highlighted notes on a keyboard as classical music played. He describes his unusual musical talent as “downloading” music into his head. His mother, Nadine, remembers that as a child Michael would “suddenly pop up and say: ‘I’ve got a symphony’”. Michael took to the piano and found he could quickly perform complex pieces from memory.

“I liked what I was hearing, sought more music and began studying through Google and YouTube,” he remembers. “It was very organic. I would listen in great depth and the music would be implanted in my mind. I could then just play it on the piano – all without being taught.”

Growing up in a family that listened to reggae over classical music, Michael feels “very much aware” of how different his approach is to music – symbolised by the way he taught himself piano as a child. This, his mother says, came as a “surprise to the family and myself – I’d never listened to classical music in my life”.

It was not long after learning to play the piano that Michael started composing his own works. Describing this process as “making music with my mind”, Michael says composing classical symphonies “helps me to express myself through music – it makes me calm”. Michael wants to nurture his song writing to achieve his ambition of becoming a modern mainstream classical artist. He wants to control the creative process, unlike typical modern-day composers, who he says “write blobs on a page, hand it over to the musicians – then say bye-bye and stay in the background and get no recognition”. Instead, Michael is determined to take centre stage.

(Alex Taylor. www.bbc.com, 27.03.2018. Adaptado.)

O trecho do quarto parágrafo “Michael feels ‘very much aware’ of how different his approach is to music” indica que Michael Fuller