Read the text below and after answer the question 32:

Why do we work 9 to 5? The history of the eight-hour workday

By Jeanne Sahadi, CNN

Published 6:59 AM EDT, Sat September 9, 2023

New York CNN —

US work culture revolves around employees putting in eight hours a day, five days a week — a schedule immortalized by Dolly Parton in her 1980 song “9 to 5.”

It’s just the norm, many assume. Same as it ever was.

Except, it wasn’t always so. It has just held steady at that level since World War II.

How the United States landed on the eight-hour standard wasn’t the result of one union or one industry, one company or one law. Rather it came about after a long and complex mix of labor actions, advocacy, political compromises, pioneering employers and economic competition.

[...]

Generally speaking, there was a steady decline in the length of the workday from the 1800s through World War II, with a fairly steep drop during the 1920s, said economic historian Benjamin Hunnicutt, a professor at the University of Iowa.

But the descent began from a fairly high level.

In the mid-1800s, working 70-plus hours a week was common, according to economist Robert Whaples, a professor at Wake Forest University, who created a detailed timeline on the evolution of hours worked in the United States for the Economic History Association.

Given that people typically worked six days a week back then, that comes out to roughly 12 hours a day. Not that there weren’t examples in the early 20th century of people putting in far more time than that. At the end of World War I, for instance, blast furnace workers in the steel industry typically logged 84 hours a week, Whaples notes. “These abnormally long hours were the subject of much denunciation and a major issue in a strike that began in September 1919. The strike failed … but four years later US Steel reduced its workday from twelve to eight hours.”

[…]

(https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/09/success/work-culture-9-to-5-curious-consumer/index.html) – acesso em 10/09/23.

Read the text below and after answer questions 30 and 31:

25+ Bizarre Things You Can Only Find in Brazil

Updated: Aug 21, 2023By Audrey Kyanova Entertainment

Brazil is one of the most beautiful countries in the world, known for its lovely beaches, lush Amazon, wild Carnivals, and more. The South American country is home to a population of over 214 million, the majority of whom speak Portuguese as their main language.

This list consists of some of the most unique tourist attractions, natural wonders, food, and other native features you can find in Brazil. You probably won’t see a lot of the items on this on WBD, as many are off the beaten path (yet still very important to Brazilians).

[...]

9. Lunch Is The Day’s Most Important Meal

The common saying goes, “Breakfast is the most important meal of the day,” but, when you’re in Brazil, that’s just not true. The country considers lunch to be the most important meal of the day, with employers often allowing two-hour lunch breaks to their employees.

This meal is the largest, usually consisting of rice and beans, farofa, salad, and a protein of some kind, such as beef or chicken. If you’re still hungry after lunch (doubtful, but possible), you can always enjoy a small afternoon snack, called a Merenda, before dinner.

[...]

26. Transforming Everything Into Memes

Remember the “confused woman” meme, which features a blonde woman surrounded by math equations? It’s been an Internet mainstay for years, and we have Brazil to thank for that. The meme came from the country, as Brazil loves its memes.

As Global Voices put it, those who want to “understand Brazil” need only look at its memes. Brazil is ranked as fourth in the world when it comes to Internet users, and its Portuguese-speaking digital world has produced a ton of memes about every topic imaginable.

(https://www.streetinsider.com/magazine/bizarre-things-you-can-only-find-in-brazil/) - acesso em 10/09/23.

Read the text below and after answer questions 30 and 31:

25+ Bizarre Things You Can Only Find in Brazil

Updated: Aug 21, 2023By Audrey Kyanova Entertainment

Brazil is one of the most beautiful countries in the world, known for its lovely beaches, lush Amazon, wild Carnivals, and more. The South American country is home to a population of over 214 million, the majority of whom speak Portuguese as their main language.

This list consists of some of the most unique tourist attractions, natural wonders, food, and other native features you can find in Brazil. You probably won’t see a lot of the items on this on WBD, as many are off the beaten path (yet still very important to Brazilians).

[...]

9. Lunch Is The Day’s Most Important Meal

The common saying goes, “Breakfast is the most important meal of the day,” but, when you’re in Brazil, that’s just not true. The country considers lunch to be the most important meal of the day, with employers often allowing two-hour lunch breaks to their employees.

This meal is the largest, usually consisting of rice and beans, farofa, salad, and a protein of some kind, such as beef or chicken. If you’re still hungry after lunch (doubtful, but possible), you can always enjoy a small afternoon snack, called a Merenda, before dinner.

[...]

26. Transforming Everything Into Memes

Remember the “confused woman” meme, which features a blonde woman surrounded by math equations? It’s been an Internet mainstay for years, and we have Brazil to thank for that. The meme came from the country, as Brazil loves its memes.

As Global Voices put it, those who want to “understand Brazil” need only look at its memes. Brazil is ranked as fourth in the world when it comes to Internet users, and its Portuguese-speaking digital world has produced a ton of memes about every topic imaginable.

(https://www.streetinsider.com/magazine/bizarre-things-you-can-only-find-in-brazil/) - acesso em 10/09/23.

Read the text below and after answer questions 28 and 29:

He converted a van into a mobile medical clinic. Now, he’s bringing care to thousands in rural Ghana

By Meg Dunn, CNN

Published 6:48 AM EDT, Fri August 11, 2023

Somerset, NJ

CNN — Growing up in a small village in southern Ghana, Osei Boateng watched many of his family members and neighbors struggle to access basic health care. In many regions of the country, it can take hours to get to the nearest hospital.

Boateng said many people lost their lives due to preventable or treatable diseases. His grandmother and aunt were among them. “My grandmother was a very big part of my life,” said Boateng, 28. “It was very hard when we lost her, and it was due to something that could have been easily prevented. That is the painful part of it.”

The average life expectancy in Ghana is 64 years old, and the most common causes of death are largely treatable conditions, such as malaria, stroke, and respiratory infections. Feeling an urgent call to help, Boateng decided he would make it his life’s mission to bring health care to remote communities in Ghana. He worked hard in school and got a scholarship to study biology at Cornell University in the US. “I was learning a lot about hypertension and diabetes and things that people back home didn’t know they could die from,” said Boateng, who ultimately earned his master’s in Healthcare Administration. “Early screening wasn’t an option for us.”

He realized that education and preventative health care was lacking in many remote areas of Ghana. Yet telling people to go to the doctor wasn’t the answer. “I realized that these people don’t have the luxury of time,” Boateng said. “The food that they put on the table is determined by what they sell in the market. If I tell them to go to the hospital, there’s no way they are going to go.”

Doctor’s office on wheels

Boateng wanted to find a way to remove these barriers to health care access and education. He started his nonprofit, OKB Hope Foundation, and in 2021, he converted a van into a mobile doctor’s office and started bringing health care directly to those in need. A few times a week, the mobile clinic and medical team travel long distances to remote communities in Ghana and provide free routine medical care.

On each trip, Boateng’s team consists of a nurse, physician’s assistant, doctor, and operation assistant. In the van, they can run basic labs like bloodwork and urinalysis as well as prescribe and provide medications. “It’s like a one-stop shop for people,” said Boateng, adding that most of the people they see have one health issue or another.

Since its launch, Boateng says the Hope Health Van has served more than 4,000 Ghanaians across more than 45 rural communities who otherwise don’t have easily accessible medical care.

https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/11/world/ghana-van-mental-health-medical-care-cnnheroes/index.html – acesso em 04/09/23

Read the text below and after answer questions 28 and 29:

He converted a van into a mobile medical clinic. Now, he’s bringing care to thousands in rural Ghana

By Meg Dunn, CNN

Published 6:48 AM EDT, Fri August 11, 2023

Somerset, NJ

CNN — Growing up in a small village in southern Ghana, Osei Boateng watched many of his family members and neighbors struggle to access basic health care. In many regions of the country, it can take hours to get to the nearest hospital.

Boateng said many people lost their lives due to preventable or treatable diseases. His grandmother and aunt were among them. “My grandmother was a very big part of my life,” said Boateng, 28. “It was very hard when we lost her, and it was due to something that could have been easily prevented. That is the painful part of it.”

The average life expectancy in Ghana is 64 years old, and the most common causes of death are largely treatable conditions, such as malaria, stroke, and respiratory infections. Feeling an urgent call to help, Boateng decided he would make it his life’s mission to bring health care to remote communities in Ghana. He worked hard in school and got a scholarship to study biology at Cornell University in the US. “I was learning a lot about hypertension and diabetes and things that people back home didn’t know they could die from,” said Boateng, who ultimately earned his master’s in Healthcare Administration. “Early screening wasn’t an option for us.”

He realized that education and preventative health care was lacking in many remote areas of Ghana. Yet telling people to go to the doctor wasn’t the answer. “I realized that these people don’t have the luxury of time,” Boateng said. “The food that they put on the table is determined by what they sell in the market. If I tell them to go to the hospital, there’s no way they are going to go.”

Doctor’s office on wheels

Boateng wanted to find a way to remove these barriers to health care access and education. He started his nonprofit, OKB Hope Foundation, and in 2021, he converted a van into a mobile doctor’s office and started bringing health care directly to those in need. A few times a week, the mobile clinic and medical team travel long distances to remote communities in Ghana and provide free routine medical care.

On each trip, Boateng’s team consists of a nurse, physician’s assistant, doctor, and operation assistant. In the van, they can run basic labs like bloodwork and urinalysis as well as prescribe and provide medications. “It’s like a one-stop shop for people,” said Boateng, adding that most of the people they see have one health issue or another.

Since its launch, Boateng says the Hope Health Van has served more than 4,000 Ghanaians across more than 45 rural communities who otherwise don’t have easily accessible medical care.

https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/11/world/ghana-van-mental-health-medical-care-cnnheroes/index.html – acesso em 04/09/23

Read the text below and after answer questions 20 to 22.

A new film in South India is so huge companies are giving workers a day off to watch it

By Rhea Mogul and Manveena Suri, CNN

Updated 3:04 AM EDT, Fri August 11, 2023

CNN — With people dancing on the streets and _______________firecrackers, the jubilant scenes wouldn’t have been out of place in an Indian movie. In fact, they were the real-life celebrations of thousands of cinema fans in South India as they welcomed the latest film release by one of the country’s biggest superstars.

“Jailer,” a Tamil-language action thriller by celebrated actor Rajinikanth, __________________ since hitting cinemas Thursday and is already expected _________________. The film is the first in two years to feature the actor, who enjoys a demigod-like status among his fans, and so great has the anticipation been that some companies ____________________ to watch it.

The Kerala-based education company Redbooks Abroad gifted its staff free tickets to the first showing, saying in a memo seen by CNN that it was a “day to relax, rejoice, and immerse yourselves in the magic of the silverscreen”. “We hope that this day off and movie experience will bring joy, relaxation, and renewed energy to you all. Let us cherish this moment and create memories together,” it said in the memo.

Another company, Le Hive, based in the southern state of Tamil Nadu, said they were giving staff half a day off to “avoid sudden sick leaves.” The companies’ actions are just one aspect of the feverish expectations surrounding the release, which local news channels have spared no detail in covering, running live blogs, interviewing fans and filming scenes outside theaters.

The film collected about $5 million at the box office on Thursday, based on early estimates, making it the highest opening for a Tamil-language film in 2023 so far, according to local reports.

Rajinikanth, 72, who has starred in more than 160 movies, is near synonymous with South Indian cinema. Known for elaborate action sequences and unique dance moves, he has the sort of box office appeal enjoyed by Tom Cruise in the West and is thought to be one of Asia’s highest paid actors. Born Shivaji Rao Gaekwad in the southern city of Bengaluru in 1950, Rajinikanth made his debut 25 years later in the movie “Apoorva Raagangal”, which became a commercial success.

The level of adoration among his fans has often been likened to that of a religious figure. Some of his fans have been known to celebrate his new releases by pouring milk on cardboard images of the actor, an act of veneration usually reserved for Hindu deities. Similar scenes of jubilation met his 2016 film “Kabali,” in which he donned stylish three-piece suits and John Lennon sunglasses to play a wrongfully convicted gangster recently released from jail.

Its release day became an unofficial public holiday for many with several companies in the cities of Bengaluru and Chennai giving their employees a day off to watch the film.

(https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/11/india/india-rajinikanth-jailer-movie-release-intl-hnk/index.html) – acesso em 04/09/23

Read the text below and after answer questions 20 to 22.

A new film in South India is so huge companies are giving workers a day off to watch it

By Rhea Mogul and Manveena Suri, CNN

Updated 3:04 AM EDT, Fri August 11, 2023

CNN — With people dancing on the streets and _______________firecrackers, the jubilant scenes wouldn’t have been out of place in an Indian movie. In fact, they were the real-life celebrations of thousands of cinema fans in South India as they welcomed the latest film release by one of the country’s biggest superstars.

“Jailer,” a Tamil-language action thriller by celebrated actor Rajinikanth, __________________ since hitting cinemas Thursday and is already expected _________________. The film is the first in two years to feature the actor, who enjoys a demigod-like status among his fans, and so great has the anticipation been that some companies ____________________ to watch it.

The Kerala-based education company Redbooks Abroad gifted its staff free tickets to the first showing, saying in a memo seen by CNN that it was a “day to relax, rejoice, and immerse yourselves in the magic of the silverscreen”. “We hope that this day off and movie experience will bring joy, relaxation, and renewed energy to you all. Let us cherish this moment and create memories together,” it said in the memo.

Another company, Le Hive, based in the southern state of Tamil Nadu, said they were giving staff half a day off to “avoid sudden sick leaves.” The companies’ actions are just one aspect of the feverish expectations surrounding the release, which local news channels have spared no detail in covering, running live blogs, interviewing fans and filming scenes outside theaters.

The film collected about $5 million at the box office on Thursday, based on early estimates, making it the highest opening for a Tamil-language film in 2023 so far, according to local reports.

Rajinikanth, 72, who has starred in more than 160 movies, is near synonymous with South Indian cinema. Known for elaborate action sequences and unique dance moves, he has the sort of box office appeal enjoyed by Tom Cruise in the West and is thought to be one of Asia’s highest paid actors. Born Shivaji Rao Gaekwad in the southern city of Bengaluru in 1950, Rajinikanth made his debut 25 years later in the movie “Apoorva Raagangal”, which became a commercial success.

The level of adoration among his fans has often been likened to that of a religious figure. Some of his fans have been known to celebrate his new releases by pouring milk on cardboard images of the actor, an act of veneration usually reserved for Hindu deities. Similar scenes of jubilation met his 2016 film “Kabali,” in which he donned stylish three-piece suits and John Lennon sunglasses to play a wrongfully convicted gangster recently released from jail.

Its release day became an unofficial public holiday for many with several companies in the cities of Bengaluru and Chennai giving their employees a day off to watch the film.

(https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/11/india/india-rajinikanth-jailer-movie-release-intl-hnk/index.html) – acesso em 04/09/23