Read the text below and after answer questions 16 to 19.

China’s sitting on a goldmine of genetic data – and it doesn’t want to share

By Jessie Yeung, CNN

Updated 7:54 PM EDT, Sat August 12, 2023

Hong Kong

CNN - Better cancer treatments, advances in longevity, groundbreaking medicines and vaccines: these are just some of the potential prizes on offer in an emerging global race to advance the biosciences. And China’s been pouring billions of dollars into its efforts to become the preeminent force, with experts claiming its massive population of 1.4 billion people can provide a treasure trove of data.

Vast amounts of this data already exists in biobanks and research centers around the country – but the government is now launching a “national genetic survey” to collect information about and assert more oversight over these resources, say experts.

In recent years, authorities have also been tightening controls around foreign access to this data – in contrast to the many Western nations that have pledged to open up information for global sharing. The national survey and restrictions on foreign access are part of new regulations on China’s genetic resources, which came into effect in July.

However, some experts have warned that this genetic hoarding could make global research cooperation more difficult – and potentially backfire on China.

“The government wants to have a very tight hand in this area as they realize this has a huge economic potential, but … China needs international collaboration to realize that potential,” said Joy Y. Zhang, director of the Centre for Global Science and Epistemic Justice. Zhang attended consultation meetings during the drafting of the new regulations. “Currently you’re just having a gold mine right at your door, but you actually don’t know how to mine it,” she said.

The biosciences boom

There’s a lot at stake: the genetic building blocks that make up our bodies could unlock discoveries with wide-ranging effects, from health care and the economy to national defense and biosafety.

In recent years, Chinese scientists and authorities have emphasized how genetic material could be useful in studying and treating diseases; developing pharmaceuticals and medical devices; and in better understanding how birth defects are formed or how genes contribute to a person’s longevity – particularly important given China’s looming demographic crisis as its birth rate falls and workforce ages.

And the country’s genetics could offer a “strategic resource and a treasure trove,” thanks to the sheer number of people and its “healthy and long-lived populations,” officials have claimed – though scientists caveat that each country’s genetic population is valuable in its own way.

(https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/11/china/china-human-genetic-resources-regulations-intl-hnk-dst/index.html) acesso em 04/09/23

Read the text below and after answer questions 16 to 19.

China’s sitting on a goldmine of genetic data – and it doesn’t want to share

By Jessie Yeung, CNN

Updated 7:54 PM EDT, Sat August 12, 2023

Hong Kong

CNN - Better cancer treatments, advances in longevity, groundbreaking medicines and vaccines: these are just some of the potential prizes on offer in an emerging global race to advance the biosciences. And China’s been pouring billions of dollars into its efforts to become the preeminent force, with experts claiming its massive population of 1.4 billion people can provide a treasure trove of data.

Vast amounts of this data already exists in biobanks and research centers around the country – but the government is now launching a “national genetic survey” to collect information about and assert more oversight over these resources, say experts.

In recent years, authorities have also been tightening controls around foreign access to this data – in contrast to the many Western nations that have pledged to open up information for global sharing. The national survey and restrictions on foreign access are part of new regulations on China’s genetic resources, which came into effect in July.

However, some experts have warned that this genetic hoarding could make global research cooperation more difficult – and potentially backfire on China.

“The government wants to have a very tight hand in this area as they realize this has a huge economic potential, but … China needs international collaboration to realize that potential,” said Joy Y. Zhang, director of the Centre for Global Science and Epistemic Justice. Zhang attended consultation meetings during the drafting of the new regulations. “Currently you’re just having a gold mine right at your door, but you actually don’t know how to mine it,” she said.

The biosciences boom

There’s a lot at stake: the genetic building blocks that make up our bodies could unlock discoveries with wide-ranging effects, from health care and the economy to national defense and biosafety.

In recent years, Chinese scientists and authorities have emphasized how genetic material could be useful in studying and treating diseases; developing pharmaceuticals and medical devices; and in better understanding how birth defects are formed or how genes contribute to a person’s longevity – particularly important given China’s looming demographic crisis as its birth rate falls and workforce ages.

And the country’s genetics could offer a “strategic resource and a treasure trove,” thanks to the sheer number of people and its “healthy and long-lived populations,” officials have claimed – though scientists caveat that each country’s genetic population is valuable in its own way.

(https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/11/china/china-human-genetic-resources-regulations-intl-hnk-dst/index.html) acesso em 04/09/23

Read the text below and after answer questions 16 to 19.

China’s sitting on a goldmine of genetic data – and it doesn’t want to share

By Jessie Yeung, CNN

Updated 7:54 PM EDT, Sat August 12, 2023

Hong Kong

CNN - Better cancer treatments, advances in longevity, groundbreaking medicines and vaccines: these are just some of the potential prizes on offer in an emerging global race to advance the biosciences. And China’s been pouring billions of dollars into its efforts to become the preeminent force, with experts claiming its massive population of 1.4 billion people can provide a treasure trove of data.

Vast amounts of this data already exists in biobanks and research centers around the country – but the government is now launching a “national genetic survey” to collect information about and assert more oversight over these resources, say experts.

In recent years, authorities have also been tightening controls around foreign access to this data – in contrast to the many Western nations that have pledged to open up information for global sharing. The national survey and restrictions on foreign access are part of new regulations on China’s genetic resources, which came into effect in July.

However, some experts have warned that this genetic hoarding could make global research cooperation more difficult – and potentially backfire on China.

“The government wants to have a very tight hand in this area as they realize this has a huge economic potential, but … China needs international collaboration to realize that potential,” said Joy Y. Zhang, director of the Centre for Global Science and Epistemic Justice. Zhang attended consultation meetings during the drafting of the new regulations. “Currently you’re just having a gold mine right at your door, but you actually don’t know how to mine it,” she said.

The biosciences boom

There’s a lot at stake: the genetic building blocks that make up our bodies could unlock discoveries with wide-ranging effects, from health care and the economy to national defense and biosafety.

In recent years, Chinese scientists and authorities have emphasized how genetic material could be useful in studying and treating diseases; developing pharmaceuticals and medical devices; and in better understanding how birth defects are formed or how genes contribute to a person’s longevity – particularly important given China’s looming demographic crisis as its birth rate falls and workforce ages.

And the country’s genetics could offer a “strategic resource and a treasure trove,” thanks to the sheer number of people and its “healthy and long-lived populations,” officials have claimed – though scientists caveat that each country’s genetic population is valuable in its own way.

(https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/11/china/china-human-genetic-resources-regulations-intl-hnk-dst/index.html) acesso em 04/09/23

Read the text below and after answer questions 16 to 19.

China’s sitting on a goldmine of genetic data – and it doesn’t want to share

By Jessie Yeung, CNN

Updated 7:54 PM EDT, Sat August 12, 2023

Hong Kong

CNN - Better cancer treatments, advances in longevity, groundbreaking medicines and vaccines: these are just some of the potential prizes on offer in an emerging global race to advance the biosciences. And China’s been pouring billions of dollars into its efforts to become the preeminent force, with experts claiming its massive population of 1.4 billion people can provide a treasure trove of data.

Vast amounts of this data already exists in biobanks and research centers around the country – but the government is now launching a “national genetic survey” to collect information about and assert more oversight over these resources, say experts.

In recent years, authorities have also been tightening controls around foreign access to this data – in contrast to the many Western nations that have pledged to open up information for global sharing. The national survey and restrictions on foreign access are part of new regulations on China’s genetic resources, which came into effect in July.

However, some experts have warned that this genetic hoarding could make global research cooperation more difficult – and potentially backfire on China.

“The government wants to have a very tight hand in this area as they realize this has a huge economic potential, but … China needs international collaboration to realize that potential,” said Joy Y. Zhang, director of the Centre for Global Science and Epistemic Justice. Zhang attended consultation meetings during the drafting of the new regulations. “Currently you’re just having a gold mine right at your door, but you actually don’t know how to mine it,” she said.

The biosciences boom

There’s a lot at stake: the genetic building blocks that make up our bodies could unlock discoveries with wide-ranging effects, from health care and the economy to national defense and biosafety.

In recent years, Chinese scientists and authorities have emphasized how genetic material could be useful in studying and treating diseases; developing pharmaceuticals and medical devices; and in better understanding how birth defects are formed or how genes contribute to a person’s longevity – particularly important given China’s looming demographic crisis as its birth rate falls and workforce ages.

And the country’s genetics could offer a “strategic resource and a treasure trove,” thanks to the sheer number of people and its “healthy and long-lived populations,” officials have claimed – though scientists caveat that each country’s genetic population is valuable in its own way.

(https://www.cnn.com/2023/08/11/china/china-human-genetic-resources-regulations-intl-hnk-dst/index.html) acesso em 04/09/23

ATENÇÃO: As questões de números 01 a 04 referem-se ao texto a seguir, que trata do desenvolvimento histórico da crônica no Brasil.

A crônica moderna, tida como um gênero fluído e permeável, situado na fronteira entre jornalismo e literatura, surgiu em meados do século XIX e se consolidou no Brasil ao longo do século XX, com a modernização da imprensa nacional. Nessa nova perspectiva, crônica refere-se a um texto em prosa curto, publicado em jornais e revistas. Apesar de ser uma espécie literária contingente e de consumo imediato, diferencia-se de outras modalidades jornalísticas. Em linhas gerais, reportagens, matérias e artigos constroem um ponto de vista objetivo e distanciado, o qual seria exigido pelas normas específicas de composição de tais narrativas que privilegiam certo recorte dos assuntos tidos como mais importantes e urgentes.

Já o cronista, sobretudo após o modernismo, procura trabalhar com imagens prosaicas da vida cotidiana, imaginando um outro tipo de interlocutor mais afeito a uma leitura rápida e prazerosa, que, por sua vez, não deixa de ser séria e instrutiva. Ele pretende também construir uma relação próxima e íntima com tal leitor, com privilégio para o narrador participante e para o narrador testemunha, abdicando da posição da terceira pessoa.

Por outro lado, as atribuições semióticas de novidade e urgência, caracterizadoras do discurso jornalístico, fazem com que a crônica privilegie a ficcionalização do presente, aproximando-se, por esse aspecto, dos textos que lhe são vizinhos. Na verdade, o cronista seleciona e extrai temas associados a eventos ou incidentes ocorridos recentemente, tratando o passado como coisa atual. Tal processo faz com que a memória presentifique o que interessa ao jornal como contínua contemporaneidade. [...]

(Adaptado de SALLA, Thiago Mio. O desenrolar da crônica no Brasil: história da permeabilidade de um gênero. Quadrant, v. 27, n. Montpellier III, p. 127-128, 2010.)