This text refer to question.

Can a planet survive the death of its sun? Scientists find two that did.

Natalie Batalha has had plenty of experience fielding questions from both layfolk and other scientists over the past couple of years — and with good reason. Batalha is the deputy principal investigator for the spectacularly successful Kepler space telescope, which has found evidence of more than 2,000 planets orbiting distant stars so far — including, just last week, a world almost exactly the size of Earth.

But Kepler is giving astronomers all sorts of new information about stars as well, and that’s what an European TV correspondent wanted to know about during an interview last year. Was it true, she asked, that stars like the sun will eventually swell up and destroy their planets? It’s a common question, and Batalha recited the familiar answer, one that’s been in astronomy textbooks for at least half a century: Yes, it’s true. Five or six billion years from now, Earth will be burnt to a cinder. This old news was apparently quite new to the European correspondent, because when she reported her terrifying scoop, she added a soupçon of conspiracy theory to it: NASA, she suggested, was trying to downplay the story.

It was not a proud moment for science journalism, but unexpectedly, at about the same time the European correspondent was reporting her nonbulletin, Kepler scientists did discover a whole new wrinkle to the planet-eating-star scenario: it’s apparently possible for planets to be swallowed up by their suns and live to tell the tale. According to a paper just published in Nature, the Kepler probe has taken a closer look at a star called KOI 55 and identified it as a “B subdwarf”, the red-hot corpse of a sunlike star, one that already went through its deadly expansion. Around it are two planets, both a bit smaller than Earth — and both so close to their home star that even the tiniest solar expansion ought to have consumed them whole. And yet they seem, writes astronomer Eliza Kempton in a Nature commentary, “to be alive and well. Which begs the question, how did they survive?”

How indeed? A star like the sun takes about 10 billion years to use up the hydrogen supply. Once the hydrogen is gone, the star cools from white hot to red hot and swells dramatically: in the case of our solar system, the sun’s outer layers will reach all the way to Earth. Eventually, those outer layers will waft away to form what’s called a planetary nebula while the core shrinks back into an object just like KOI 55.

If a planet like Earth spent a billion years simmering in the outer layers of a star it would, says astronomer Betsy Green, “just evaporate. Only planets with masses very much larger than the Earth, like Jupiter or Saturn, could possibly survive.”

And yet these two worlds, known as KOI 55.01 and KOI 55.02, lived through the ordeal anyway. The key to this seeming impossibility, suggest the astronomers, is that the planets may have begun life as gas giants like Jupiter or Saturn, with rocky cores surrounded by vast, crushing atmospheres. As the star expanded, the gas giants would have spiraled inward until they dipped into the stellar surface itself. The plunge would have been enough to strip off their atmospheres, but their rocky interiors could have survived — leaving, eventually, the bleak tableau of the naked cores of two planets orbiting the naked core of an elderly star.

Internet: <www.time.com> (adapted).

According to the text, judge if the item below about Natalie Batalha are right (C) or wrong (E).

She is the chief researcher of the space project that involves the Kepler telescope.

This text refer to question.

Can a planet survive the death of its sun? Scientists find two that did.

Natalie Batalha has had plenty of experience fielding questions from both layfolk and other scientists over the past couple of years — and with good reason. Batalha is the deputy principal investigator for the spectacularly successful Kepler space telescope, which has found evidence of more than 2,000 planets orbiting distant stars so far — including, just last week, a world almost exactly the size of Earth.

But Kepler is giving astronomers all sorts of new information about stars as well, and that’s what an European TV correspondent wanted to know about during an interview last year. Was it true, she asked, that stars like the sun will eventually swell up and destroy their planets? It’s a common question, and Batalha recited the familiar answer, one that’s been in astronomy textbooks for at least half a century: Yes, it’s true. Five or six billion years from now, Earth will be burnt to a cinder. This old news was apparently quite new to the European correspondent, because when she reported her terrifying scoop, she added a soupçon of conspiracy theory to it: NASA, she suggested, was trying to downplay the story.

It was not a proud moment for science journalism, but unexpectedly, at about the same time the European correspondent was reporting her nonbulletin, Kepler scientists did discover a whole new wrinkle to the planet-eating-star scenario: it’s apparently possible for planets to be swallowed up by their suns and live to tell the tale. According to a paper just published in Nature, the Kepler probe has taken a closer look at a star called KOI 55 and identified it as a “B subdwarf”, the red-hot corpse of a sunlike star, one that already went through its deadly expansion. Around it are two planets, both a bit smaller than Earth — and both so close to their home star that even the tiniest solar expansion ought to have consumed them whole. And yet they seem, writes astronomer Eliza Kempton in a Nature commentary, “to be alive and well. Which begs the question, how did they survive?”

How indeed? A star like the sun takes about 10 billion years to use up the hydrogen supply. Once the hydrogen is gone, the star cools from white hot to red hot and swells dramatically: in the case of our solar system, the sun’s outer layers will reach all the way to Earth. Eventually, those outer layers will waft away to form what’s called a planetary nebula while the core shrinks back into an object just like KOI 55.

If a planet like Earth spent a billion years simmering in the outer layers of a star it would, says astronomer Betsy Green, “just evaporate. Only planets with masses very much larger than the Earth, like Jupiter or Saturn, could possibly survive.”

And yet these two worlds, known as KOI 55.01 and KOI 55.02, lived through the ordeal anyway. The key to this seeming impossibility, suggest the astronomers, is that the planets may have begun life as gas giants like Jupiter or Saturn, with rocky cores surrounded by vast, crushing atmospheres. As the star expanded, the gas giants would have spiraled inward until they dipped into the stellar surface itself. The plunge would have been enough to strip off their atmospheres, but their rocky interiors could have survived — leaving, eventually, the bleak tableau of the naked cores of two planets orbiting the naked core of an elderly star.

Internet: <www.time.com> (adapted).

Based on the text, judge if the following item are right (C) or wrong (E).

The article mocks the European TV correspondent’s disinformation about astronomy.

This text refer to question.

Can a planet survive the death of its sun? Scientists find two that did.

Natalie Batalha has had plenty of experience fielding questions from both layfolk and other scientists over the past couple of years — and with good reason. Batalha is the deputy principal investigator for the spectacularly successful Kepler space telescope, which has found evidence of more than 2,000 planets orbiting distant stars so far — including, just last week, a world almost exactly the size of Earth.

But Kepler is giving astronomers all sorts of new information about stars as well, and that’s what an European TV correspondent wanted to know about during an interview last year. Was it true, she asked, that stars like the sun will eventually swell up and destroy their planets? It’s a common question, and Batalha recited the familiar answer, one that’s been in astronomy textbooks for at least half a century: Yes, it’s true. Five or six billion years from now, Earth will be burnt to a cinder. This old news was apparently quite new to the European correspondent, because when she reported her terrifying scoop, she added a soupçon of conspiracy theory to it: NASA, she suggested, was trying to downplay the story.

It was not a proud moment for science journalism, but unexpectedly, at about the same time the European correspondent was reporting her nonbulletin, Kepler scientists did discover a whole new wrinkle to the planet-eating-star scenario: it’s apparently possible for planets to be swallowed up by their suns and live to tell the tale. According to a paper just published in Nature, the Kepler probe has taken a closer look at a star called KOI 55 and identified it as a “B subdwarf”, the red-hot corpse of a sunlike star, one that already went through its deadly expansion. Around it are two planets, both a bit smaller than Earth — and both so close to their home star that even the tiniest solar expansion ought to have consumed them whole. And yet they seem, writes astronomer Eliza Kempton in a Nature commentary, “to be alive and well. Which begs the question, how did they survive?”

How indeed? A star like the sun takes about 10 billion years to use up the hydrogen supply. Once the hydrogen is gone, the star cools from white hot to red hot and swells dramatically: in the case of our solar system, the sun’s outer layers will reach all the way to Earth. Eventually, those outer layers will waft away to form what’s called a planetary nebula while the core shrinks back into an object just like KOI 55.

If a planet like Earth spent a billion years simmering in the outer layers of a star it would, says astronomer Betsy Green, “just evaporate. Only planets with masses very much larger than the Earth, like Jupiter or Saturn, could possibly survive.”

And yet these two worlds, known as KOI 55.01 and KOI 55.02, lived through the ordeal anyway. The key to this seeming impossibility, suggest the astronomers, is that the planets may have begun life as gas giants like Jupiter or Saturn, with rocky cores surrounded by vast, crushing atmospheres. As the star expanded, the gas giants would have spiraled inward until they dipped into the stellar surface itself. The plunge would have been enough to strip off their atmospheres, but their rocky interiors could have survived — leaving, eventually, the bleak tableau of the naked cores of two planets orbiting the naked core of an elderly star.

Internet: <www.time.com> (adapted).

Based on the text, judge if the following item are right (C) or wrong (E).

The researchers seem baffled by the recent find of the probe, since they did not expect planets to survive their sun’s expansion and subsequent shrinkage.

This text refer to question.

Can a planet survive the death of its sun? Scientists find two that did.

Natalie Batalha has had plenty of experience fielding questions from both layfolk and other scientists over the past couple of years — and with good reason. Batalha is the deputy principal investigator for the spectacularly successful Kepler space telescope, which has found evidence of more than 2,000 planets orbiting distant stars so far — including, just last week, a world almost exactly the size of Earth.

But Kepler is giving astronomers all sorts of new information about stars as well, and that’s what an European TV correspondent wanted to know about during an interview last year. Was it true, she asked, that stars like the sun will eventually swell up and destroy their planets? It’s a common question, and Batalha recited the familiar answer, one that’s been in astronomy textbooks for at least half a century: Yes, it’s true. Five or six billion years from now, Earth will be burnt to a cinder. This old news was apparently quite new to the European correspondent, because when she reported her terrifying scoop, she added a soupçon of conspiracy theory to it: NASA, she suggested, was trying to downplay the story.

It was not a proud moment for science journalism, but unexpectedly, at about the same time the European correspondent was reporting her nonbulletin, Kepler scientists did discover a whole new wrinkle to the planet-eating-star scenario: it’s apparently possible for planets to be swallowed up by their suns and live to tell the tale. According to a paper just published in Nature, the Kepler probe has taken a closer look at a star called KOI 55 and identified it as a “B subdwarf”, the red-hot corpse of a sunlike star, one that already went through its deadly expansion. Around it are two planets, both a bit smaller than Earth — and both so close to their home star that even the tiniest solar expansion ought to have consumed them whole. And yet they seem, writes astronomer Eliza Kempton in a Nature commentary, “to be alive and well. Which begs the question, how did they survive?”

How indeed? A star like the sun takes about 10 billion years to use up the hydrogen supply. Once the hydrogen is gone, the star cools from white hot to red hot and swells dramatically: in the case of our solar system, the sun’s outer layers will reach all the way to Earth. Eventually, those outer layers will waft away to form what’s called a planetary nebula while the core shrinks back into an object just like KOI 55.

If a planet like Earth spent a billion years simmering in the outer layers of a star it would, says astronomer Betsy Green, “just evaporate. Only planets with masses very much larger than the Earth, like Jupiter or Saturn, could possibly survive.”

And yet these two worlds, known as KOI 55.01 and KOI 55.02, lived through the ordeal anyway. The key to this seeming impossibility, suggest the astronomers, is that the planets may have begun life as gas giants like Jupiter or Saturn, with rocky cores surrounded by vast, crushing atmospheres. As the star expanded, the gas giants would have spiraled inward until they dipped into the stellar surface itself. The plunge would have been enough to strip off their atmospheres, but their rocky interiors could have survived — leaving, eventually, the bleak tableau of the naked cores of two planets orbiting the naked core of an elderly star.

Internet: <www.time.com> (adapted).

Based on the text, judge if the following item are right (C) or wrong (E).

The European TV correspondent reported a scientific find that had been long known as if it were a recent breakthrough.

This text refer to question.

Can a planet survive the death of its sun? Scientists find two that did.

Natalie Batalha has had plenty of experience fielding questions from both layfolk and other scientists over the past couple of years — and with good reason. Batalha is the deputy principal investigator for the spectacularly successful Kepler space telescope, which has found evidence of more than 2,000 planets orbiting distant stars so far — including, just last week, a world almost exactly the size of Earth.

But Kepler is giving astronomers all sorts of new information about stars as well, and that’s what an European TV correspondent wanted to know about during an interview last year. Was it true, she asked, that stars like the sun will eventually swell up and destroy their planets? It’s a common question, and Batalha recited the familiar answer, one that’s been in astronomy textbooks for at least half a century: Yes, it’s true. Five or six billion years from now, Earth will be burnt to a cinder. This old news was apparently quite new to the European correspondent, because when she reported her terrifying scoop, she added a soupçon of conspiracy theory to it: NASA, she suggested, was trying to downplay the story.

It was not a proud moment for science journalism, but unexpectedly, at about the same time the European correspondent was reporting her nonbulletin, Kepler scientists did discover a whole new wrinkle to the planet-eating-star scenario: it’s apparently possible for planets to be swallowed up by their suns and live to tell the tale. According to a paper just published in Nature, the Kepler probe has taken a closer look at a star called KOI 55 and identified it as a “B subdwarf”, the red-hot corpse of a sunlike star, one that already went through its deadly expansion. Around it are two planets, both a bit smaller than Earth — and both so close to their home star that even the tiniest solar expansion ought to have consumed them whole. And yet they seem, writes astronomer Eliza Kempton in a Nature commentary, “to be alive and well. Which begs the question, how did they survive?”

How indeed? A star like the sun takes about 10 billion years to use up the hydrogen supply. Once the hydrogen is gone, the star cools from white hot to red hot and swells dramatically: in the case of our solar system, the sun’s outer layers will reach all the way to Earth. Eventually, those outer layers will waft away to form what’s called a planetary nebula while the core shrinks back into an object just like KOI 55.

If a planet like Earth spent a billion years simmering in the outer layers of a star it would, says astronomer Betsy Green, “just evaporate. Only planets with masses very much larger than the Earth, like Jupiter or Saturn, could possibly survive.”

And yet these two worlds, known as KOI 55.01 and KOI 55.02, lived through the ordeal anyway. The key to this seeming impossibility, suggest the astronomers, is that the planets may have begun life as gas giants like Jupiter or Saturn, with rocky cores surrounded by vast, crushing atmospheres. As the star expanded, the gas giants would have spiraled inward until they dipped into the stellar surface itself. The plunge would have been enough to strip off their atmospheres, but their rocky interiors could have survived — leaving, eventually, the bleak tableau of the naked cores of two planets orbiting the naked core of an elderly star.

Internet: <www.time.com> (adapted).

Based on the text, judge if the following item are right ( C ) or wrong (E).

The recent discovery of a planet with some features very similar to those of the Earth is one of the interesting finds of the Kepler space telescope.

This text refer to question.

Godzilla’s grandchildren

In Japan there is no kudos in going to jail for your art. Bending the rules, let alone breaking them, is largely taboo. That was one reason Toshinori Mizuno was terrified as he worked undercover at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear-power plant, trying to get the shot that shows him in front of the mangled third reactor holding up a referee’s red card. He was also terrified of the radiation, which registered its highest reading where he took the photograph. The only reason he did not arouse suspicion, he says, is because he was in regulation radiation kit. And in Japan people rarely challenge a man in uniform.

Mr. Mizuno is part of ChimPom, a six-person collective of largely unschooled artists who have spent a lot of time getting into tight spots since the disaster, and are engagingly thoughtful about the results.

It is easy to dismiss ChimPom’s work as a publicity stunt. But the artists’ actions speak at least as loudly as their images. There is a logic to their seven years of guerrilla art that has become clearer since the nuclear disaster of March 11th 2011. In fact, Noi Sawaragi, a prominent art critic, says they may be hinting at a new direction in Japanese contemporary art.

Radiation and nuclear annihilation have suffused Japan’s subculture since the film Gojira (the Japanese Godzilla) in 1954. The two themes crop up repeatedly in manga and anime cartoons.

Other young artists are ploughing similar ground. Kota Takeuchi, for instance, secretly took a job at Fukushima Dai-ichi and is recorded pointing an angry finger at the camera that streams live images of the site. Later he used public news conferences to pressure Tepco, operator of the plant, about the conditions of its workers inside. His work, like ChimPom’s, blurs the distinction between art and activism.

Japanese political art is unusual and the new subversiveness could be a breath of fresh air; if only anyone noticed. The ChimPom artists have received scant coverage in the stuffy arts pages of the national newspapers. The group held just one show of Mr. Mizuno’s reactor photographs in Japan. He says: “The timing has not been right. The media will just want to make the work look like a crime.”

Internet: <www.economist.com> (adapted).

Based on the text, it is correct to say that ChimPom

This text refer to question.

Godzilla’s grandchildren

In Japan there is no kudos in going to jail for your art. Bending the rules, let alone breaking them, is largely taboo. That was one reason Toshinori Mizuno was terrified as he worked undercover at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear-power plant, trying to get the shot that shows him in front of the mangled third reactor holding up a referee’s red card. He was also terrified of the radiation, which registered its highest reading where he took the photograph. The only reason he did not arouse suspicion, he says, is because he was in regulation radiation kit. And in Japan people rarely challenge a man in uniform.

Mr. Mizuno is part of ChimPom, a six-person collective of largely unschooled artists who have spent a lot of time getting into tight spots since the disaster, and are engagingly thoughtful about the results.

It is easy to dismiss ChimPom’s work as a publicity stunt. But the artists’ actions speak at least as loudly as their images. There is a logic to their seven years of guerrilla art that has become clearer since the nuclear disaster of March 11th 2011. In fact, Noi Sawaragi, a prominent art critic, says they may be hinting at a new direction in Japanese contemporary art.

Radiation and nuclear annihilation have suffused Japan’s subculture since the film Gojira (the Japanese Godzilla) in 1954. The two themes crop up repeatedly in manga and anime cartoons.

Other young artists are ploughing similar ground. Kota Takeuchi, for instance, secretly took a job at Fukushima Dai-ichi and is recorded pointing an angry finger at the camera that streams live images of the site. Later he used public news conferences to pressure Tepco, operator of the plant, about the conditions of its workers inside. His work, like ChimPom’s, blurs the distinction between art and activism.

Japanese political art is unusual and the new subversiveness could be a breath of fresh air; if only anyone noticed. The ChimPom artists have received scant coverage in the stuffy arts pages of the national newspapers. The group held just one show of Mr. Mizuno’s reactor photographs in Japan. He says: “The timing has not been right. The media will just want to make the work look like a crime.”

Internet: <www.economist.com> (adapted).

The words “mangled” (l.3) and “suffused” (l.11) mean respectively

This text refer to question.

Godzilla’s grandchildren

In Japan there is no kudos in going to jail for your art. Bending the rules, let alone breaking them, is largely taboo. That was one reason Toshinori Mizuno was terrified as he worked undercover at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear-power plant, trying to get the shot that shows him in front of the mangled third reactor holding up a referee’s red card. He was also terrified of the radiation, which registered its highest reading where he took the photograph. The only reason he did not arouse suspicion, he says, is because he was in regulation radiation kit. And in Japan people rarely challenge a man in uniform.

Mr. Mizuno is part of ChimPom, a six-person collective of largely unschooled artists who have spent a lot of time getting into tight spots since the disaster, and are engagingly thoughtful about the results.

It is easy to dismiss ChimPom’s work as a publicity stunt. But the artists’ actions speak at least as loudly as their images. There is a logic to their seven years of guerrilla art that has become clearer since the nuclear disaster of March 11th 2011. In fact, Noi Sawaragi, a prominent art critic, says they may be hinting at a new direction in Japanese contemporary art.

Radiation and nuclear annihilation have suffused Japan’s subculture since the film Gojira (the Japanese Godzilla) in 1954. The two themes crop up repeatedly in manga and anime cartoons.

Other young artists are ploughing similar ground. Kota Takeuchi, for instance, secretly took a job at Fukushima Dai-ichi and is recorded pointing an angry finger at the camera that streams live images of the site. Later he used public news conferences to pressure Tepco, operator of the plant, about the conditions of its workers inside. His work, like ChimPom’s, blurs the distinction between art and activism.

Japanese political art is unusual and the new subversiveness could be a breath of fresh air; if only anyone noticed. The ChimPom artists have received scant coverage in the stuffy arts pages of the national newspapers. The group held just one show of Mr. Mizuno’s reactor photographs in Japan. He says: “The timing has not been right. The media will just want to make the work look like a crime.”

Internet: <www.economist.com> (adapted).

According to the text, judge if the following item are right (C) or wrong (E).

Mr. Mizuno believes the radiation kit protected him from more than the radiation in the area.

This text refer to question.

Godzilla’s grandchildren

In Japan there is no kudos in going to jail for your art. Bending the rules, let alone breaking them, is largely taboo. That was one reason Toshinori Mizuno was terrified as he worked undercover at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear-power plant, trying to get the shot that shows him in front of the mangled third reactor holding up a referee’s red card. He was also terrified of the radiation, which registered its highest reading where he took the photograph. The only reason he did not arouse suspicion, he says, is because he was in regulation radiation kit. And in Japan people rarely challenge a man in uniform.

Mr. Mizuno is part of ChimPom, a six-person collective of largely unschooled artists who have spent a lot of time getting into tight spots since the disaster, and are engagingly thoughtful about the results.

It is easy to dismiss ChimPom’s work as a publicity stunt. But the artists’ actions speak at least as loudly as their images. There is a logic to their seven years of guerrilla art that has become clearer since the nuclear disaster of March 11th 2011. In fact, Noi Sawaragi, a prominent art critic, says they may be hinting at a new direction in Japanese contemporary art.

Radiation and nuclear annihilation have suffused Japan’s subculture since the film Gojira (the Japanese Godzilla) in 1954. The two themes crop up repeatedly in manga and anime cartoons.

Other young artists are ploughing similar ground. Kota Takeuchi, for instance, secretly took a job at Fukushima Dai-ichi and is recorded pointing an angry finger at the camera that streams live images of the site. Later he used public news conferences to pressure Tepco, operator of the plant, about the conditions of its workers inside. His work, like ChimPom’s, blurs the distinction between art and activism.

Japanese political art is unusual and the new subversiveness could be a breath of fresh air; if only anyone noticed. The ChimPom artists have received scant coverage in the stuffy arts pages of the national newspapers. The group held just one show of Mr. Mizuno’s reactor photographs in Japan. He says: “The timing has not been right. The media will just want to make the work look like a crime.”

Internet: <www.economist.com> (adapted).

According to the text, judge if the following item are right (C) or wrong (E).

The Japanese in general are enthusiastic about artists who get in trouble for breaking the traditional dogmas prevalent in the artistic milieu.

This text refer to question.

Godzilla’s grandchildren

In Japan there is no kudos in going to jail for your art. Bending the rules, let alone breaking them, is largely taboo. That was one reason Toshinori Mizuno was terrified as he worked undercover at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear-power plant, trying to get the shot that shows him in front of the mangled third reactor holding up a referee’s red card. He was also terrified of the radiation, which registered its highest reading where he took the photograph. The only reason he did not arouse suspicion, he says, is because he was in regulation radiation kit. And in Japan people rarely challenge a man in uniform.

Mr. Mizuno is part of ChimPom, a six-person collective of largely unschooled artists who have spent a lot of time getting into tight spots since the disaster, and are engagingly thoughtful about the results.

It is easy to dismiss ChimPom’s work as a publicity stunt. But the artists’ actions speak at least as loudly as their images. There is a logic to their seven years of guerrilla art that has become clearer since the nuclear disaster of March 11th 2011. In fact, Noi Sawaragi, a prominent art critic, says they may be hinting at a new direction in Japanese contemporary art.

Radiation and nuclear annihilation have suffused Japan’s subculture since the film Gojira (the Japanese Godzilla) in 1954. The two themes crop up repeatedly in manga and anime cartoons.

Other young artists are ploughing similar ground. Kota Takeuchi, for instance, secretly took a job at Fukushima Dai-ichi and is recorded pointing an angry finger at the camera that streams live images of the site. Later he used public news conferences to pressure Tepco, operator of the plant, about the conditions of its workers inside. His work, like ChimPom’s, blurs the distinction between art and activism.

Japanese political art is unusual and the new subversiveness could be a breath of fresh air; if only anyone noticed. The ChimPom artists have received scant coverage in the stuffy arts pages of the national newspapers. The group held just one show of Mr. Mizuno’s reactor photographs in Japan. He says: “The timing has not been right. The media will just want to make the work look like a crime.”

Internet: <www.economist.com> (adapted).

According to the text, judge if the following item are right (C) or wrong (E).

Some Fukushima Dai-ichi employers have turned into political activists after the accident of 2011.