Magna Concursos

Foram encontradas 492 questões.

2486420 Ano: 2014
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:
Text 4 for question.
Bertrand Russell once predicted that the socialization of reproduction — the supersession of the family by the state — would “make sex love itself more trivial,” encourage “a certain triviality in all personal relations,” and “make it far more difficult to take an interest in anything after one’s own death.” At first glance, recent developments appear to have refuted the first part of this prediction. Americans today invest personal relations, particularly the relations between men and women, with undiminished emotional importance. The decline of childrearing as a major preoccupation has freed sex from its bondage to procreation and made it possible for people to value erotic life for its own sake. As the family shrinks to the marital unit, it can be argued that men and women respond more readily to each other’s emotional needs, instead of living vicariously through their offspring. The marriage contract having lost its binding character, couples now find it possible, according to many observers, to ground sexual relations in something more solid than legal compulsion. In short, the growing determination to live for the moment, whatever it may have done to the relations between parents and children, appears to have established the preconditions of a new intimacy between men and women.
This appearance is an illusion. The cult of intimacy conceals a growing despair of finding it. Personal relations crumble under the emotional weight with which they are burdened.
The inability “to take an interest in anything after one’s own death,” which gives such urgency to the pursuit of close personal encounters in the present, makes intimacy more elusive than ever. The same developments that have weakened the tie between parents and children have also undermined relations between men and women. Indeed the deterioration of marriage contributes in its own right to the deterioration of care for the young.
This last point is so obvious that only a strenuous propaganda on behalf of “open marriage” and “creative divorce” prevents us from grasping it. It is clear, for example, that the growing incidence of divorce, together with the ever-present possibility that any given marriage will end in collapse, adds to the instability of family life and deprives the child of a measure of emotional security. Enlightened opinion diverts attention from this general fact by insisting that in specific cases, parents may do more harm to their children by holding a marriage together than by dissolving it. More often the husband abandons his children to the wife whose company he finds unbearable, and the wife smothers the children with incessant yet perfunctory attentions. This particular solution to the problem of marital strain has become so common that the absence of the father impresses many observers as the most striking fact about the contemporary family. Under these conditions, a divorce in which the mother retains custody of her children merely ratifies the existing state of affairs — the effective emotional desertion of his family by the father. But the reflection that divorce often does no more damage to children than marriage itself hardly inspires rejoicing.
Christopher Lasch. The Cult of Narcissism. Abacus, Londres, 1980 p. 320-322 (adapted).
Based on the text, decide if the following statement about the author’s position about the trivialization of personal relations are right (C) or wrong (E).
He is receptive to it for he believes traditional child raising consumes a disproportionate amount of a couple’s efforts and energy.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2486369 Ano: 2014
Disciplina: Atualidades e Conhecimentos Gerais
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:
Acerca dos recentes desenvolvimentos no Oriente Médio, no Irã e no Iraque e das suas implicações para a política externa brasileira, julgue (C ou E) o item seguinte.
A questão síria é mais simples que as questões iranianas e iraquianas, por se definir em termos geopolíticos clássicos, e requer solução que envolva decisivamente os EUA, a Rússia e a China, dadas as relativamente superficiais implicações para o Oriente Médio em termos étnicos, religiosos ou políticos.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2486359 Ano: 2014
Disciplina: Relações Internacionais
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:
Com relação à evolução da política externa brasileira desde 1945 e suas principais linhas de ação, julgue (C ou E) o próximo item.
O Brasil defende a reforma das instituições de governança global, que devem se tornar mais representativas dos Estados que as constituem, e a redistribuição de poder observada nas relações internacionais desde o fim da Segunda Guerra Mundial.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2486342 Ano: 2014
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:
Text 5 for question.
In the pre-dawn of June 16th, a lone voice broke the stillness. The mullahs summoned the men to prayers; for two hours the priests called and the men responded in a gathering rhythmic crescendo to psych them up to fight and die. The defenders crouched behind their makeshift barricades, listening to the eerie chants rising and falling in the darkness beyond. La Vallete had sent reinforcements across and the defenders, if already weary, were well ordered. Each man had his duty and his post. They were grouped in threes: one arquebusier to two pikemen. Large quantities of fire weapons had been stock piled, rocks gathered, and quantities of bread soaked in wine. Barrels of water stood behind the parapets into which men torched by adhesive fire could hurl themselves.
As the sun rose, there was a searching barrage of fire ‘so that the earth and the air shook’, and then Mustapha signalled the advance along a huge crescent. Suleiman’s imperial standard was unfurled; a turban was hoisted on a spear, farther down the line there was an answering puff of smoke. An extraordinary array of banners and shields were visible surging forward, ‘painted with extraordinary designs; some with devices of different birds, some with scorpions and with Arab lettering’. In the front rank men ran wildly towards the walls, calling out the name of Allah in a crescendo of shouts. From the battlements came the Christian countercalls: Jesus, Mary, St Michael, St James and St George — ‘according to the devotion of each man’. There was a furious push towards the bridge; scaling ladders were put to the walls and battle was joined. The whole front was a struggling mass of humanity fighting hand to hand.
Roger Crowley. Empires of the Sea, The Final Battle for the Mediterranean, 1521-1580, Faber and Faber, 2008, p. 1-2
Based on the text, decide if the following statements concerning the author’s intentions are right (C) or wrong (E).
He expresses strong criticism of both Christians and Muslims’ bigotry and religious fanaticism.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2486289 Ano: 2014
Disciplina: Francês (Língua Francesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:
Texte V — pour le question
Les Etats reviennent dans le monde. Les peuples les ont choisis pour être l’arme de la défense de leurs intérêts, ainsi que celle d’une rupture par rapport à la voie de la mondialisation. Cette dernière rencontre aujourd’hui une force nouvelle des Etats qui exprime un autre progrès des nations.
Dans le monde d’avant, les hommes avaient dénoncé leur responsabilité dans le déclenchement des guerres entre les peuples. Ils avaient critiqué le poids de leur réglementation qui avait pesé sur l’économie des nations. Comme leurs décisions aveugles avaient provoqué les guerres meurtrières, l’emprise bureaucratique des Etats avait limité la création de la richesse des nations. Leur légitimité était contestée. Les Etats étaient devenus la part maudite de l’organisation du monde.
A la faveur de la crise, leur utilité a été redécouverte. Ce sont bien les Etats qui ont sauvé du naufrage les grandes banques et les institutions financières, puis ont tenté de relancer les économies. La concurrence qui s’est dessinée entre les pays a suscité leur intervention bénéfique. Leur nécessité s’est imposée au monde. Les Etats sont redevenus l’instrument sur lequel les nations pouvaient à nouveau compter pour retrouver une autonomie de leur vie politique et le territoire de leur développement. […]
Michel Guénaire. Le retour des États. p.11-12.Ed. Grasset, 2013 (extrait).
En considérant le texte V, jugez si le item suivants sont vrais (C) ou faux (E).
Dans « Ce sont bien les États qui ont sauvé du naufrage les grandes banques… », le pronom relatif « qui » est le sujet du verbe sauver.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2486275 Ano: 2014
Disciplina: Espanhol (Língua Espanhola)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:
Texto para la cuestione
Deploro, señores, haber tenido que intercalar entre ustedes y mi persona este mecánico artefacto que es un micrófono, porque, sobre mecanizar crudamente la voz, es decir, una de las cosas en que más íntegramente se proyecta e imprime el hombre, en que más auténticamente una persona es—y esto lo saben muy bien las mujeres—, sobre eso tiene el inconveniente de que a veces no marcha bien. Pero era ineludible emplearlo y aun debemos estar agradecidos a sus servicios. Era ineludible, porque en la primera lección no conseguí ser oído en las profundidades de esta sala, pero, además, porque me obligaba a forzar la elocución, y en ello lo de menos es tener que esforzar la voz. Lo de más es que me compelía a vocalizar anormalmente, pronunciando por separado cada palabra, esto es, arrancándola de la frase, poniéndola en la honda de la voz y lanzándola al espacio como si fuese un proyectil, con lo cual resultaba que perdía yo el ritmo del decir y ni siquiera yo mismo reconocía los vocablos tan anómalamente pronunciados, hasta el punto de que alguna vez, cuando hablaba a ustedes de la nostalgia no estaba seguro de si había dicho más bien “hiperclorhidria”. Son esos secretos apuros del orador que no suelen ser flojos y que proporcionan a su faena un evidente dramatismo y un cierto peligro como tauromáquico.
(…) Si queremos conocer lo que es una hoja y nos ponemos a mirarla, pronto advertiremos que nuestra previa idea de hoja no coincide con la realidad hoja por la sencilla razón de que no podemos precisar dónde eso que llamábamos hoja termina y dónde empieza otra cosa. Descubrimos, en efecto, que la hoja no concluye en sí misma, sino que continúa; continúa en el pecíolo, a su vez, en la rama, y la rama en el tronco y el tronco en las raíces. La hoja, pues, no es una realidad por sí que pueda aislarse de lo demás. Es algo que tiene su realidad en cuanto parte de algo que es el árbol, el cual, en comparación con lo que llamábamos hoja, adquiere ahora el carácter de un todo. Sin ese todo no tiene comprensibilidad, no es inteligible para nosotros la hoja. Pero entonces, cuando hemos advertido y nos hemos hecho cargo de que la realidad de la hoja es el ser parte, el ser parte integrante del todo árbol y la hemos referido a él y la vemos en él nacer y averiguamos la función que en su conjunto sirve, por tanto, cuando nuestra mente, por decirlo así, sale de la hoja y va a algo más amplio—el todo que es el árbol—, entonces y sólo entonces podemos decir que conocemos lo que la hoja es. Hasta tal punto es esto así, de tal modo la hoja tiene condición de ser parte que cuando en vez de contemplarla en el árbol donde está siendo hoja la separamos de él decimos que la hemos cortado o arrancado—expresiones que declaran la violencia que hemos hecho sufrir a la hoja y al árbol. Más aún, al tenerla aislada entre nuestros dedos, cuando podría parecer un todo—dado, repito, que cupiera decidir dónde ella acaba y dónde empieza el pecíolo o la rama—, cuando aislada entre nuestros dedos podría dárselas de ser un todo, en ese momento empieza ya a no ser hoja sino un detritus vegetal que pronto acabará por desintegrarse. Esta relación de parte a todo es una de las categorías de la mente y de la realidad, sin la cual no es posible esta gran operación que es el conocimiento. Esto nos permite generalizar y decir: las cosas todas del mun(o real o son partes o son todos. Si una cosa es parte no resulta inteligible sino en cuanto la referimos al todo cuya es. Si una cosa es todo puede ser entendida por sí misma sin más que percibir las partes de que se compone. Esto vale para todos los órdenes de lo real. Por ejemplo, vale también para la realidad del lenguaje. Si yo pronuncio ahora la palabra “león”, sin más, resulta a ustedes ininteligible porque no pueden determinar si significa la ciudad de León, alguno de los Papas que llevaron este nombre, la ilustre fiera africana o uno de los leones que hay en la entrada del Congreso.
La palabra aislada no puede ser entendida porque es parte de un todo, como la hoja lo era del árbol, de un todo que es la frase, como la frase, a su vez, es parte de un todo, una conversación, o de otro todo, un libro. La palabra, como ustedes saben, es siempre equívoca y para precisar su sentido hace falta, aparte de la perspicacia que la vida nos enseña, toda una ciencia y de las más sugestivas e interesantes y de la que ha de ocuparse largamente el Instituto de Humanidades: la ciencia de la interpretación o hermenéutica. La labor principal de esta ciencia consiste en saber determinar a qué todo suficiente hay que referir una frase y una palabra para que su sentido pierda el equívoco. A ese todo en el cual la palabra se precisa llaman los hermeneutas y gramáticos el “contexto”. Pues bien, toda cosa real que es una parte reclama del todo, de su contexto, para que podamos entendernos. Una duda, sin embargo, se nos ofrece: tomado el árbol hasta su raíz, por tanto, siendo lo que es, nos parecía un todo—lo que la biología llama con ciertas inquietudes que ahora no interesan ”un individuo orgánico”—; pero es el caso que el árbol necesita para vivir de la tierra y de la atmósfera, y resulta, por tanto, ininteligible si no contamos con estas dos nuevas cosas. ¿Será entonces que el árbol entero, a su vez, forma parte de un nuevo y más auténtico todo, a saber: el que forman de consuno él y su medio? No vamos a dirimir la cuestión, que es más complicada de lo que parece, porque en lo que al presente nos afecta es cosa clara. En efecto, ese nuevo y más complejo todo que formarían el árbol y su medio no es tal, por la sencilla razón de que la tierra y la atmósfera no necesitan del árbol, aunque el árbol necesite de ellas. Arrancado el árbol, tierra y atmósfera subsisten—y no se traiga a comento que arrancado y desgajando los bosques todos de una región el clima se modifica y tierra y atmósfera varían, porque ahora estamos hablando simplemente de arrancar un árbol y esto es palmario que no modifica ni la tierra ni la atmósfera. No son estas, pues, partes integrantes de un nuevo todo, sino que son sólo contorno y medio externo de que el árbol va a vivir y solo en ese papel son biológicamente inteligibles, es decir estudiadas desde dentro del árbol, desde su interna constitución. Transportemos ahora todo esto al plano de la realidad histórica. (…)
José Ortega y Gasset. Una interpretación de la historia universal (En torno a Toynbee). Alianza Editorial. Madrid, 1984 (con adaptaciones).
El conferenciante utiliza en su faena dialéctica la hoja, el árbol y la palabra para
expresar el trabajo de la biología.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2486254 Ano: 2014
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:
Text 1
Book Review 1 –
Karachi: Ordered Disorder and the Struggle for the City
by Laurent Gayer
With an official population approaching fifteen million, Karachi is one of the largest cities in the world. It is also the most violent. Since the mid-1980s, it has endured endemic political conflict and criminal violence, which revolve around control of the city and its resources (votes, land and bhatta — “protection” money). These struggles for the city have become ethnicized. Karachi, often referred to as a “Pakistan in miniature”, has become increasingly fragmented, socially as well as territorially.
Despite this chronic state of urban political warfare, Karachi is the cornerstone of the economy of Pakistan. Gayer’s book is an attempt to elucidate this conundrum. Against journalistic accounts describing Karachi as chaotic and ungovernable, he argues that there is indeed order of a kind in the city’s permanent civil war. Far from being entropic, Karachi’s polity is predicated upon organisational, interpretative and pragmatic routines that have made violence “manageable” for its populations. Whether such “ordered disorder” is viable in the long term remains to be seen, but for now Karachi works despite — and sometimes through — violence.
Source: <www.amazon.com>. Retrieved on: March 2, 2014.
Based on Book Review 1, judge the item right (C) or wrong (E).
The book tries to clarify Karachi’s enigmatic situation.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2486210 Ano: 2014
Disciplina: Francês (Língua Francesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:
Texte VIII — pour le question
Voici les vérités qui sont, selon moi, la base de toute démocratie et en particulier de la grande démocratie française : La souveraineté du peuple, le suffrage universel, la liberté de la presse sont trois choses identiques, ou, pour mieux dire, c'est la même chose sous trois noms différents ; à elles trois, elles constituent notre droit public tout entier. La première en est le principe ; la seconde en est le mode d'action ; la troisième en est l'expression multiple, animée, vivante, mobile comme la nation elle-même. Ces trois faits, ces trois principes liés d'une solidarité essentielle, ayant chacun leur fonction: la souveraineté du peuple vivifiant, le suffrage universel gouvernant, la presse éclairant, se confondent dans une étroite et indissoluble unité, et cette unité, c'est la République.
Partout où ces trois principes, souveraineté du peuple, suffrage universel, liberté de la presse, existent dans leur plénitude et dans leur toute-puissance, la République existe, même sous le mot monarchie. Là où ces trois principes sont amoindris dans leur développement, opprimés dans leur action, méconnus dans leur solidarité, contestés dans leur majesté, il y a monarchie ou oligarchie, même sous le mot république.
Victor Hugo. Discours sur la modification de la loi électorale. 9/7/1850 (extrait modifié).
Jugez si le item suivants, concernant le texte VIII, sont vrais (C) ou faux (E).
« méconnus », peut être remplacé, sans changer le sens du texte, par : inconnus.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2486176 Ano: 2014
Disciplina: Português
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:

A correspondência de Mário de Andrade é uma das fontes sobre os sentimentos que abateram a intelectualidade paulista, sobretudo no trauma de 1932, quando São Paulo foi invadido por tropas federais, que ocuparam a capital e se alastraram pelo interior (“Disputam esfomeadamente a presa sublime, e desgraçadamente está certo, essa é a lei dos homens. Dos homens selvagens.”, desabafa Mário em carta a Paulo Duarte). As consequências dos expedientes da ditadura abateram um estado cujos habitantes eram considerados por Mário como “diferentes mesmo”. O que se fizesse naquele estado, apostava, se irradiaria como política e como orientação pelo país, uma reedição, por via da cultura, do velho slogan: “São Paulo, a locomotiva puxando os vagões”.

“Minha pátria é São Paulo. E isso não me desagrada.”, confessa o poeta paulista a Drummond no calor de um conflito que os encontrou em lados opostos. Drummond já estava na chefia de gabinete do secretário de Interior e Justiça de Minas Gerais, aliado ao poder central naquele momento, e Mário era partidário da causa da Revolução Constitucionalista de 1932. O paulista sabia que estava acometido de um estado extraordinário de mobilização, frustração e abatimento, como revela o seguinte trecho de carta a Drummond.

“Você, Carlos, perdoe um ser descalibrado. Este é o castigo de viver sempre apaixonadamente a toda hora e em qualquer minuto, que é o sentido da minha vida. No momento, eu faria tudo, daria tudo pra São Paulo se separar do Brasil. Não meço consequências, não tenho doutrina, apenas continuo entregue à unanimidade, apaixonadamente entregue...

Helena Bomeny. Um poeta na política – Mário de Andrade, paixão e compromisso. 1.ª ed., Rio de Janeiro: Casa da Palavra, 2012, p. 71-2 (com adaptações).

No que concerne a aspectos gramaticais do texto acima, julgue (C ou E) o próximo item.

Com base na prescrição gramatical, pode-se classificar a partícula “se”, no trecho “se irradiaria como política e como orientação pelo país” , tanto como apassivadora quanto como reflexiva; no entanto, ao se considerar a relação entre esse segmento e a expressão metafórica ‘a locomotiva puxando os vagões’, a opção recai na classificação do verbo como pronominal.

 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
2486106 Ano: 2014
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: IRB
Provas:
Text 4 for question.
Bertrand Russell once predicted that the socialization of reproduction — the supersession of the family by the state — would “make sex love itself more trivial,” encourage “a certain triviality in all personal relations,” and “make it far more difficult to take an interest in anything after one’s own death.” At first glance, recent developments appear to have refuted the first part of this prediction. Americans today invest personal relations, particularly the relations between men and women, with undiminished emotional importance. The decline of childrearing as a major preoccupation has freed sex from its bondage to procreation and made it possible for people to value erotic life for its own sake. As the family shrinks to the marital unit, it can be argued that men and women respond more readily to each other’s emotional needs, instead of living vicariously through their offspring. The marriage contract having lost its binding character, couples now find it possible, according to many observers, to ground sexual relations in something more solid than legal compulsion. In short, the growing determination to live for the moment, whatever it may have done to the relations between parents and children, appears to have established the preconditions of a new intimacy between men and women.
This appearance is an illusion. The cult of intimacy conceals a growing despair of finding it. Personal relations crumble under the emotional weight with which they are burdened.
The inability “to take an interest in anything after one’s own death,” which gives such urgency to the pursuit of close personal encounters in the present, makes intimacy more elusive than ever. The same developments that have weakened the tie between parents and children have also undermined relations between men and women. Indeed the deterioration of marriage contributes in its own right to the deterioration of care for the young.
This last point is so obvious that only a strenuous propaganda on behalf of “open marriage” and “creative divorce” prevents us from grasping it. It is clear, for example, that the growing incidence of divorce, together with the ever-present possibility that any given marriage will end in collapse, adds to the instability of family life and deprives the child of a measure of emotional security. Enlightened opinion diverts attention from this general fact by insisting that in specific cases, parents may do more harm to their children by holding a marriage together than by dissolving it. More often the husband abandons his children to the wife whose company he finds unbearable, and the wife smothers the children with incessant yet perfunctory attentions. This particular solution to the problem of marital strain has become so common that the absence of the father impresses many observers as the most striking fact about the contemporary family. Under these conditions, a divorce in which the mother retains custody of her children merely ratifies the existing state of affairs — the effective emotional desertion of his family by the father. But the reflection that divorce often does no more damage to children than marriage itself hardly inspires rejoicing.
Christopher Lasch. The Cult of Narcissism. Abacus, Londres, 1980 p. 320-322 (adapted).
Based on the text, decide if the following statement are right (C) or wrong (E).
Living one’s children’s lives and dreams used to be a far more widespread feature of traditional families in the US than it is nowadays.
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas