Text I

Pushing technological boundaries in ultradeep waters

Published on Apr 7, 2011 - by Pre-salt.com - Source: Schlumberger

The discovery of a giant oil accumulation in ultradeep waters off Brazil’s southeast coast is opening a new frontier for exploration and production. This pre-salt play, in the Santos basin, contains potentially recoverable reserves ranging from 795 million m³ to 1.3 billion m³ of oil equivalent. Just one of several structures found beneath a thick layer of salt, the Tupi structure, is pushing technological boundaries as E&P teams seek to define its geographic limits.

Types of reserves

Pre-salt, postsalt and subsalt formations are all capable of forming traps and seals for migrating hydrocarbons. Pre-salt wells target reservoirs beneath the layer of autochthonous salt. Subsalt wells target reservoirs beneath the mobile allochthonous salt canopy. Postsalt wells target formations above the salt.

Geology

From a geologic perspective, this play is a product of interminably slow tectonic and depositional processes involving continental rifting, seafloor spreading, and sedimentation. These processes were associated with the split between South America and Africa during the Cretaceous breakup of Gondwana. The depositional processes created source, reservoir, and sealed layers necessary to successfully produce an active petroleum system.

Technology

From a technological perspective, the feasibility of the pre-salt play is a result of operator experience gained through overcoming the challenges of constructing wells in deep and ultradeep waters off the coast of Brazil. Just as important are improvements to seismic imaging, which allow geophysicists to identify potential structures masked beneath layered evaporites that may be as thick as 2,000 m [6,560 ft].

E&P challenges

Expertise and techniques developed to exploit deepwater fields of the Campos basin have been adapted to wells in the Santos basin. Exploration models from the Santos basin pre-salt play, in turn, have led to significant discoveries in neighboring basins. This article discusses the geology and history of Brazil’s pre-salt play. It describes challenges associated with exploration and production of presalt carbonate reservoirs and their impact on the advancement of new models.

Available at: <http://www.slb.com/news/inside_

news/2011/2011_0310_brazil_pre-salt.aspx>.

Retrieved on: 14 Nov. 2011. Adapted.

The excerpt “Just as important” establishes a comparison between the

Text I

Pushing technological boundaries in ultradeep waters

Published on Apr 7, 2011 - by Pre-salt.com - Source: Schlumberger

The discovery of a giant oil accumulation in ultradeep waters off Brazil’s southeast coast is opening a new frontier for exploration and production. This pre-salt play, in the Santos basin, contains potentially recoverable reserves ranging from 795 million m³ to 1.3 billion m³ of oil equivalent. Just one of several structures found beneath a thick layer of salt, the Tupi structure, is pushing technological boundaries as E&P teams seek to define its geographic limits.

Types of reserves

Pre-salt, postsalt and subsalt formations are all capable of forming traps and seals for migrating hydrocarbons. Pre-salt wells target reservoirs beneath the layer of autochthonous salt. Subsalt wells target reservoirs beneath the mobile allochthonous salt canopy. Postsalt wells target formations above the salt.

Geology

From a geologic perspective, this play is a product of interminably slow tectonic and depositional processes involving continental rifting, seafloor spreading, and sedimentation. These processes were associated with the split between South America and Africa during the Cretaceous breakup of Gondwana. The depositional processes created source, reservoir, and sealed layers necessary to successfully produce an active petroleum system.

Technology

From a technological perspective, the feasibility of the pre-salt play is a result of operator experience gained through overcoming the challenges of constructing wells in deep and ultradeep waters off the coast of Brazil. Just as important are improvements to seismic imaging, which allow geophysicists to identify potential structures masked beneath layered evaporites that may be as thick as 2,000 m [6,560 ft].

E&P challenges

Expertise and techniques developed to exploit deepwater fields of the Campos basin have been adapted to wells in the Santos basin. Exploration models from the Santos basin pre-salt play, in turn, have led to significant discoveries in neighboring basins. This article discusses the geology and history of Brazil’s pre-salt play. It describes challenges associated with exploration and production of presalt carbonate reservoirs and their impact on the advancement of new models.

Available at: <http://www.slb.com/news/inside_

news/2011/2011_0310_brazil_pre-salt.aspx>.

Retrieved on: 14 Nov. 2011. Adapted.

The words in parentheses describe the opposite expressed by the words and expressions in boldface type in

Text I

Pushing technological boundaries in ultradeep waters

Published on Apr 7, 2011 - by Pre-salt.com - Source: Schlumberger

The discovery of a giant oil accumulation in ultradeep waters off Brazil’s southeast coast is opening a new frontier for exploration and production. This pre-salt play, in the Santos basin, contains potentially recoverable reserves ranging from 795 million m³ to 1.3 billion m³ of oil equivalent. Just one of several structures found beneath a thick layer of salt, the Tupi structure, is pushing technological boundaries as E&P teams seek to define its geographic limits.

Types of reserves

Pre-salt, postsalt and subsalt formations are all capable of forming traps and seals for migrating hydrocarbons. Pre-salt wells target reservoirs beneath the layer of autochthonous salt. Subsalt wells target reservoirs beneath the mobile allochthonous salt canopy. Postsalt wells target formations above the salt.

Geology

From a geologic perspective, this play is a product of interminably slow tectonic and depositional processes involving continental rifting, seafloor spreading, and sedimentation. These processes were associated with the split between South America and Africa during the Cretaceous breakup of Gondwana. The depositional processes created source, reservoir, and sealed layers necessary to successfully produce an active petroleum system.

Technology

From a technological perspective, the feasibility of the pre-salt play is a result of operator experience gained through overcoming the challenges of constructing wells in deep and ultradeep waters off the coast of Brazil. Just as important are improvements to seismic imaging, which allow geophysicists to identify potential structures masked beneath layered evaporites that may be as thick as 2,000 m [6,560 ft].

E&P challenges

Expertise and techniques developed to exploit deepwater fields of the Campos basin have been adapted to wells in the Santos basin. Exploration models from the Santos basin pre-salt play, in turn, have led to significant discoveries in neighboring basins. This article discusses the geology and history of Brazil’s pre-salt play. It describes challenges associated with exploration and production of presalt carbonate reservoirs and their impact on the advancement of new models.

Available at: <http://www.slb.com/news/inside_

news/2011/2011_0310_brazil_pre-salt.aspx>.

Retrieved on: 14 Nov. 2011. Adapted.

In Text I, while comparing pre-salt, subsalt and postsalt, the author states that

Text I

Pushing technological boundaries in ultradeep waters

Published on Apr 7, 2011 - by Pre-salt.com - Source: Schlumberger

The discovery of a giant oil accumulation in ultradeep waters off Brazil’s southeast coast is opening a new frontier for exploration and production. This pre-salt play, in the Santos basin, contains potentially recoverable reserves ranging from 795 million m³ to 1.3 billion m³ of oil equivalent. Just one of several structures found beneath a thick layer of salt, the Tupi structure, is pushing technological boundaries as E&P teams seek to define its geographic limits.

Types of reserves

Pre-salt, postsalt and subsalt formations are all capable of forming traps and seals for migrating hydrocarbons. Pre-salt wells target reservoirs beneath the layer of autochthonous salt. Subsalt wells target reservoirs beneath the mobile allochthonous salt canopy. Postsalt wells target formations above the salt.

Geology

From a geologic perspective, this play is a product of interminably slow tectonic and depositional processes involving continental rifting, seafloor spreading, and sedimentation. These processes were associated with the split between South America and Africa during the Cretaceous breakup of Gondwana. The depositional processes created source, reservoir, and sealed layers necessary to successfully produce an active petroleum system.

Technology

From a technological perspective, the feasibility of the pre-salt play is a result of operator experience gained through overcoming the challenges of constructing wells in deep and ultradeep waters off the coast of Brazil. Just as important are improvements to seismic imaging, which allow geophysicists to identify potential structures masked beneath layered evaporites that may be as thick as 2,000 m [6,560 ft].

E&P challenges

Expertise and techniques developed to exploit deepwater fields of the Campos basin have been adapted to wells in the Santos basin. Exploration models from the Santos basin pre-salt play, in turn, have led to significant discoveries in neighboring basins. This article discusses the geology and history of Brazil’s pre-salt play. It describes challenges associated with exploration and production of presalt carbonate reservoirs and their impact on the advancement of new models.

Available at: <http://www.slb.com/news/inside_

news/2011/2011_0310_brazil_pre-salt.aspx>.

Retrieved on: 14 Nov. 2011. Adapted.

According to Text I, E&P teams are

Texto II

Crise mundial?

Nova crise mundial? As turbulências recentes trouxeram os piores temores à tona. Uma coisa é certa: os dois principais blocos econômicos – os EUA e a área do euro – ainda não se refizeram da crise de 2008-2009 e ameaçam experimentar uma recaída violenta. Nem os americanos nem os europeus superaram as sequelas do colapso de 2008. De nada adiantou preveni-los dos perigos. Não enfrentaram as raízes dos seus problemas – e ainda conseguiram acumular novos!

Um deles: a crise política – evidente dos dois lados do Atlântico Norte. Outro problema, este não tão novo: o declínio relativo dos EUA e da Europa. O cenário, por um lado, é de vácuo de liderança política nas velhas potências, com rejeição da maioria dos governos pela população. Por outro, EUA e Europa não conseguem exercer como antes a hegemonia no plano mundial. O mundo parece caminhar para uma multipolaridade fragmentada e instável.

O declínio, a decadência alcança maior nitidez na Europa, às voltas com uma crise tremenda na área do euro que, no limite, coloca em risco todo o projeto de integração europeu. A crise atual deixou evidentes as fissuras da institucionalidade europeia.

Por exemplo: a dificuldade de manter uma união monetária, em tempos de crise, sem união fiscal e, sobretudo, união política. Quando os ventos sopravam a favor, era possível manter na sombra as incoerências do projeto de integração econômica e monetária. Desde 2010, entretanto, os problemas acumulados ou disfarçados durante a fase de bonança estão estourando todos mais ou menos ao mesmo tempo.

Quais as consequências disso tudo no plano internacional? Espero estar errado, mas tudo indica que a economia mundial e as relações internacionais passarão por um período extremamente difícil e que esse período de dificuldades não terá vida curta. A primeira metade do século XXI poderá revelar-se tão turbulenta e violenta quanto a primeira do século XX.

BATISTA JR. Paulo Nogueira. Crise mundial? O Globo, Opinião,

p. 7, 06 de ago. 2011. Adaptado.

No Texto II, o trecho “O declínio, a decadência alcança maior nitidez na Europa” apresenta um exemplo de um dos casos de concordância verbal vigentes na norma-padrão do Português.

Outro exemplo em que a concordância se justifica pelo mesmo motivo é o seguinte: