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Question refer to the following text.
Customs enforcement is concerned with the protection of society and fighting trans-national organized crime based on the principles of risk management. In discharging this mandate, Customs compliance and enforcement services are involved in a wide range of activities relating to information and intelligence exchange, combating commercial fraud, counterfeiting, the smuggling of highly taxed goods (especially cigarettes and alcohol), drug trafficking, stolen motor vehicles, money laundering, electronic crime, smuggling of arms, nuclear materials, toxic waste and weapons of mass destruction. Enforcement activities also aim to protect intellectual and cultural property and endangered plants and animal species.
In order to assist its Members improve the effectiveness of their enforcement efforts and achieve a balance between control and facilitation, the World Customs Organisation has developed a comprehensive technical assistance and training programmes. In addition, it has established Regional Intelligence Liaison Offices (RILOs) that are supported by a global database, the Customs Enforcement Network (CEN), to facilitate the exchange and use of information.
The WCO has also developed instruments for international co-operation in the form of the revised Model Bilateral Agreement (MBA); the Nairobi Convention, which provides for mutual administrative assistance in the prevention, investigation and repression of Customs offences; and the Johannesburg Convention, which provides for mutual administrative assistance in Customs matters. The WCO’s Customs Control and Enforcement programme therefore aims to promote effective enforcement practices and encourage co-operation among its Members and with its various competent partners and stakeholders.
(Source: http://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/enforcement-and-compliance/overview.aspx, retrieved on 12 March 2014.)
In accordance with the passage, ‘customs enforcement’ can best be defined as the prevention of criminal activities
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Question refer to the following text.
We've been keeping our veterinarian in business lately. First Sammy, our nine-year-old golden retriever, needed surgery. (She's fine now.) Then Inky, our curious cat, burned his paw. (He'll be fine, too.) At our last visit, as we were writing our fourth (or was it the fifth?) consecutive check to the veterinary hospital, there was much joking about how vet bills should be tax-deductible. After all, pets are dependents, too, right? (Guffaws all around.)
Now, halfway through tax-filing season, comes news that pets are high on the list of unusual deductions taxpayers try to claim. From routine pet expenses to the costs of adopting a pet to, yes, pets as "dependents," tax accountants have heard it all this year, according to the Minnesota Society of Certified Public Accountants, which surveys its members annually about the most outlandish tax deductions proposed by clients. Most of these doggy deductions don't hunt, but, believe it or not, some do. Could there be a spot for Sammy and Inky on our 1040?
Scott Kadrlik, a certified public accountant in Eden Prairie, Minn., who moonlights as a stand-up comedian (really!), gave me a dog's-eye view of the tax code: "In most cases our family pets are just family pets," he says. They cannot be claimed as dependents, and you cannot deduct the cost of their food, medical care or other expenses. One exception is service dogs. If you require a Seeing Eye dog, for example, your canine's costs are deductible as a medical expense. Occasionally, man's best friend also is man's best business deduction. The Doberman that guards the junk yard can be deductible as a business expense of the junk-yard owner, says Mr. Kadrlik. Ditto the convenience-store cat that keeps the rats at bay.
For most of us, though, our pets are hobbies at most. Something's a hobby if, among other things, it hasn't turned a profit in at least three of the past five years (or two of the past seven years in the case of horse training, breeding or racing). In that case, you can't deduct losses—only expenses to the extent of income in the same year. So if your beloved Bichon earns $100 for a modeling gig, you could deduct $100 worth of vet bills (or dog food or doggy attire).
(Source: Carolyn Geer, The Wall Street Journal, retrieved on 13 March 2014 - slightly adapted)
Among the domesticated animals considered eligible for tax deductions are
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Question refer to the following text.
We've been keeping our veterinarian in business lately. First Sammy, our nine-year-old golden retriever, needed surgery. (She's fine now.) Then Inky, our curious cat, burned his paw. (He'll be fine, too.) At our last visit, as we were writing our fourth (or was it the fifth?) consecutive check to the veterinary hospital, there was much joking about how vet bills should be tax-deductible. After all, pets are dependents, too, right? (Guffaws all around.)
Now, halfway through tax-filing season, comes news that pets are high on the list of unusual deductions taxpayers try to claim. From routine pet expenses to the costs of adopting a pet to, yes, pets as "dependents," tax accountants have heard it all this year, according to the Minnesota Society of Certified Public Accountants, which surveys its members annually about the most outlandish tax deductions proposed by clients. Most of these doggy deductions don't hunt, but, believe it or not, some do. Could there be a spot for Sammy and Inky on our 1040?
Scott Kadrlik, a certified public accountant in Eden Prairie, Minn., who moonlights as a stand-up comedian (really!), gave me a dog's-eye view of the tax code: "In most cases our family pets are just family pets," he says. They cannot be claimed as dependents, and you cannot deduct the cost of their food, medical care or other expenses. One exception is service dogs. If you require a Seeing Eye dog, for example, your canine's costs are deductible as a medical expense. Occasionally, man's best friend also is man's best business deduction. The Doberman that guards the junk yard can be deductible as a business expense of the junk-yard owner, says Mr. Kadrlik. Ditto the convenience-store cat that keeps the rats at bay.
For most of us, though, our pets are hobbies at most. Something's a hobby if, among other things, it hasn't turned a profit in at least three of the past five years (or two of the past seven years in the case of horse training, breeding or racing). In that case, you can't deduct losses—only expenses to the extent of income in the same year. So if your beloved Bichon earns $100 for a modeling gig, you could deduct $100 worth of vet bills (or dog food or doggy attire).
(Source: Carolyn Geer, The Wall Street Journal, retrieved on 13 March 2014 - slightly adapted)
The phrase “Guffaws all around” (paragraph 1) shows that those hearing the conversation
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Question refer to the following text.
We've been keeping our veterinarian in business lately. First Sammy, our nine-year-old golden retriever, needed surgery. (She's fine now.) Then Inky, our curious cat, burned his paw. (He'll be fine, too.) At our last visit, as we were writing our fourth (or was it the fifth?) consecutive check to the veterinary hospital, there was much joking about how vet bills should be tax-deductible. After all, pets are dependents, too, right? (Guffaws all around.)
Now, halfway through tax-filing season, comes news that pets are high on the list of unusual deductions taxpayers try to claim. From routine pet expenses to the costs of adopting a pet to, yes, pets as "dependents," tax accountants have heard it all this year, according to the Minnesota Society of Certified Public Accountants, which surveys its members annually about the most outlandish tax deductions proposed by clients. Most of these doggy deductions don't hunt, but, believe it or not, some do. Could there be a spot for Sammy and Inky on our 1040?
Scott Kadrlik, a certified public accountant in Eden Prairie, Minn., who moonlights as a stand-up comedian (really!), gave me a dog's-eye view of the tax code: "In most cases our family pets are just family pets," he says. They cannot be claimed as dependents, and you cannot deduct the cost of their food, medical care or other expenses. One exception is service dogs. If you require a Seeing Eye dog, for example, your canine's costs are deductible as a medical expense. Occasionally, man's best friend also is man's best business deduction. The Doberman that guards the junk yard can be deductible as a business expense of the junk-yard owner, says Mr. Kadrlik. Ditto the convenience-store cat that keeps the rats at bay.
For most of us, though, our pets are hobbies at most. Something's a hobby if, among other things, it hasn't turned a profit in at least three of the past five years (or two of the past seven years in the case of horse training, breeding or racing). In that case, you can't deduct losses—only expenses to the extent of income in the same year. So if your beloved Bichon earns $100 for a modeling gig, you could deduct $100 worth of vet bills (or dog food or doggy attire).
(Source: Carolyn Geer, The Wall Street Journal, retrieved on 13 March 2014 - slightly adapted)
The opening sentence of the text reveals that the author has been
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Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Question refer to the following text.
We've been keeping our veterinarian in business lately. First Sammy, our nine-year-old golden retriever, needed surgery. (She's fine now.) Then Inky, our curious cat, burned his paw. (He'll be fine, too.) At our last visit, as we were writing our fourth (or was it the fifth?) consecutive check to the veterinary hospital, there was much joking about how vet bills should be tax-deductible. After all, pets are dependents, too, right? (Guffaws all around.)
Now, halfway through tax-filing season, comes news that pets are high on the list of unusual deductions taxpayers try to claim. From routine pet expenses to the costs of adopting a pet to, yes, pets as "dependents," tax accountants have heard it all this year, according to the Minnesota Society of Certified Public Accountants, which surveys its members annually about the most outlandish tax deductions proposed by clients. Most of these doggy deductions don't hunt, but, believe it or not, some do. Could there be a spot for Sammy and Inky on our 1040?
Scott Kadrlik, a certified public accountant in Eden Prairie, Minn., who moonlights as a stand-up comedian (really!), gave me a dog's-eye view of the tax code: "In most cases our family pets are just family pets," he says. They cannot be claimed as dependents, and you cannot deduct the cost of their food, medical care or other expenses. One exception is service dogs. If you require a Seeing Eye dog, for example, your canine's costs are deductible as a medical expense. Occasionally, man's best friend also is man's best business deduction. The Doberman that guards the junk yard can be deductible as a business expense of the junk-yard owner, says Mr. Kadrlik. Ditto the convenience-store cat that keeps the rats at bay.
For most of us, though, our pets are hobbies at most. Something's a hobby if, among other things, it hasn't turned a profit in at least three of the past five years (or two of the past seven years in the case of horse training, breeding or racing). In that case, you can't deduct losses—only expenses to the extent of income in the same year. So if your beloved Bichon earns $100 for a modeling gig, you could deduct $100 worth of vet bills (or dog food or doggy attire).
(Source: Carolyn Geer, The Wall Street Journal, retrieved on 13 March 2014 - slightly adapted)
The title that best conveys the main purpose of the article is:
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Question refer to the following text.
The IRS Chief Counsel is appointed by the President of the United States, with the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate, and serves as the chief legal advisor to the IRS Commissioner on all matters pertaining to the interpretation, administration, and enforcement of the Internal Revenue Code, as well as all other legal matters. Under the IRS Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998, the Chief Counsel reports to both the IRS Commissioner and the Treasury General Counsel.
Attorneys in the Chief Counsel’s Office serve as lawyers for the IRS. They provide the IRS and taxpayers with guidance on interpreting Federal tax laws correctly, represent the IRS in litigation, and provide all other legal support required to carry out the IRS mission.
Chief Counsel received 95,929 cases and closed 94,323 cases during fiscal year 2012. Of the new cases received, and cases closed, the majority related to tax law enforcement and litigation, including Tax Court litigation; collection, bankruptcy, and summons advice and litigation; Appellate Court litigation; criminal tax; and enforcement advice and assistance.
In Fiscal Year 2012, Chief Counsel received 31,295 Tax Court cases involving taxpayers contesting an IRS determination that they owed additional tax. The total amount of tax and penalty in dispute at the end of the fiscal year was almost $6.6 billion.
(Source: Internal Revenue Service Data Book, 2012.)
During fiscal year 2012, the Chief Counsel’s office succeeded in
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Question refer to the following text.
The IRS Chief Counsel is appointed by the President of the United States, with the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate, and serves as the chief legal advisor to the IRS Commissioner on all matters pertaining to the interpretation, administration, and enforcement of the Internal Revenue Code, as well as all other legal matters. Under the IRS Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998, the Chief Counsel reports to both the IRS Commissioner and the Treasury General Counsel.
Attorneys in the Chief Counsel’s Office serve as lawyers for the IRS. They provide the IRS and taxpayers with guidance on interpreting Federal tax laws correctly, represent the IRS in litigation, and provide all other legal support required to carry out the IRS mission.
Chief Counsel received 95,929 cases and closed 94,323 cases during fiscal year 2012. Of the new cases received, and cases closed, the majority related to tax law enforcement and litigation, including Tax Court litigation; collection, bankruptcy, and summons advice and litigation; Appellate Court litigation; criminal tax; and enforcement advice and assistance.
In Fiscal Year 2012, Chief Counsel received 31,295 Tax Court cases involving taxpayers contesting an IRS determination that they owed additional tax. The total amount of tax and penalty in dispute at the end of the fiscal year was almost $6.6 billion.
(Source: Internal Revenue Service Data Book, 2012.)
As described in the text, the mission of attorneys working in the Chief Counsel’s Office includes:
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Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Question refer to the following text.
The IRS Chief Counsel is appointed by the President of the United States, with the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate, and serves as the chief legal advisor to the IRS Commissioner on all matters pertaining to the interpretation, administration, and enforcement of the Internal Revenue Code, as well as all other legal matters. Under the IRS Restructuring and Reform Act of 1998, the Chief Counsel reports to both the IRS Commissioner and the Treasury General Counsel.
Attorneys in the Chief Counsel’s Office serve as lawyers for the IRS. They provide the IRS and taxpayers with guidance on interpreting Federal tax laws correctly, represent the IRS in litigation, and provide all other legal support required to carry out the IRS mission.
Chief Counsel received 95,929 cases and closed 94,323 cases during fiscal year 2012. Of the new cases received, and cases closed, the majority related to tax law enforcement and litigation, including Tax Court litigation; collection, bankruptcy, and summons advice and litigation; Appellate Court litigation; criminal tax; and enforcement advice and assistance.
In Fiscal Year 2012, Chief Counsel received 31,295 Tax Court cases involving taxpayers contesting an IRS determination that they owed additional tax. The total amount of tax and penalty in dispute at the end of the fiscal year was almost $6.6 billion.
(Source: Internal Revenue Service Data Book, 2012.)
According to the passage, the IRS’s chief legal advisor is
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El Perú está entre los países más vulnerables a una caída en la demanda china
El Perú se ubica entre las cinco “economías emergentes más vulnerables” (Chile, Colombia, Rusia, Sudáfrica y el Perú) a una caída de la demanda de los commodities no alimentarios de China, determinó un estudio del estratega de mercados emergentes de Schroders, Craig Botham. En contraste, Hungría, Filipinas, Polonia y México estarían bastante bien preparados si la economía china llega a desplomarse. Botham elaboró su ranking sumando una serie de indicadores clave; sin limitarse a qué porcentaje del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) de cada país representan sus exportaciones a China. El investigador logra un diagnóstico más preciso al considerar qué proporción de las exportaciones de cada nación que van a China, corresponden a materias primas requeridas por el ahora decadente boom de construcción; que lleva más de diez años. Los impactos iniciales de esta vulnerabilidad se vieron esta semana, cuando el jueves el cobre llegó a cotizarse a su menor nivel desde hace 44 meses, US$ 2,92 la libra, ante desalentadores datos de la economía china. El mayor consumidor del metal rojo representa un 40% de la demanda mundial. Perú "es el tercer productor mundial de este metal, y el desempeño de su economía es dependiente del precio de los metales, dado que más del 60% de sus ingresos provienen de los envíos mineros", explica Botham en su estudio.
Por ello, Germán Alarco, economista de la Universidad del Pacífico, prevé que –de no revertirse esta tendencia a la baja del cobre– todo el primer trimestre del año será negativo para la balanza comercial peruana. "Desafortunadamente, las previsiones sobre el PBI para cierre del año se deberían ajustar a la baja”, comentó. Por su parte, el economista Hernán Briceño advirtió que con la desaceleración china, el impacto en el Perú no solo se vería en una caída de las exportaciones de cobre, sino en una disminución o freno de las inversiones provenientes del gigante asiático. "Es muy preocupante cuando se tiene en mente que las inversiones chinas directas en nuestro país ascienden a US$ 6.000 millones y están centradas principalmente en minería e hidrocarburos", dijo Briceño al advertir que duda que este año aumente significativamente el volumen de inversión y el comercio con China.
(Texto tomado de larepublica.pe, 16/03/14, disponible en: http://www.larepublica.pe/16-03-2014/el-peru-esta-entre-los-paises-mas-vulnerables-a-una-caida-en-la-demanda-china)
De acuerdo con el texto, la balanza comercial peruana:
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Questão presente nas seguintes provas
El Perú está entre los países más vulnerables a una caída en la demanda china
El Perú se ubica entre las cinco “economías emergentes más vulnerables” (Chile, Colombia, Rusia, Sudáfrica y el Perú) a una caída de la demanda de los commodities no alimentarios de China, determinó un estudio del estratega de mercados emergentes de Schroders, Craig Botham. En contraste, Hungría, Filipinas, Polonia y México estarían bastante bien preparados si la economía china llega a desplomarse. Botham elaboró su ranking sumando una serie de indicadores clave; sin limitarse a qué porcentaje del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) de cada país representan sus exportaciones a China. El investigador logra un diagnóstico más preciso al considerar qué proporción de las exportaciones de cada nación que van a China, corresponden a materias primas requeridas por el ahora decadente boom de construcción; que lleva más de diez años. Los impactos iniciales de esta vulnerabilidad se vieron esta semana, cuando el jueves el cobre llegó a cotizarse a su menor nivel desde hace 44 meses, US$ 2,92 la libra, ante desalentadores datos de la economía china. El mayor consumidor del metal rojo representa un 40% de la demanda mundial. Perú "es el tercer productor mundial de este metal, y el desempeño de su economía es dependiente del precio de los metales, dado que más del 60% de sus ingresos provienen de los envíos mineros", explica Botham en su estudio.
Por ello, Germán Alarco, economista de la Universidad del Pacífico, prevé que –de no revertirse esta tendencia a la baja del cobre– todo el primer trimestre del año será negativo para la balanza comercial peruana. "Desafortunadamente, las previsiones sobre el PBI para cierre del año se deberían ajustar a la baja”, comentó. Por su parte, el economista Hernán Briceño advirtió que con la desaceleración china, el impacto en el Perú no solo se vería en una caída de las exportaciones de cobre, sino en una disminución o freno de las inversiones provenientes del gigante asiático. "Es muy preocupante cuando se tiene en mente que las inversiones chinas directas en nuestro país ascienden a US$ 6.000 millones y están centradas principalmente en minería e hidrocarburos", dijo Briceño al advertir que duda que este año aumente significativamente el volumen de inversión y el comercio con China.
(Texto tomado de larepublica.pe, 16/03/14, disponible en: http://www.larepublica.pe/16-03-2014/el-peru-esta-entre-los-paises-mas-vulnerables-a-una-caida-en-la-demanda-china)
Según el texto, el ranking de vulnerabilidad elaborado por Craig Botham:
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