The goddess Thetis was a sea nymph, so beautiful that the Olympians desired her, and even Zeus was tempted. However, an oracle told the gods that the son of Thetis would be more magnificent than his father, and so the gods shunned her S because they did not want to suffer a similar fate to Chronos, whose son Zeus conquered.

It was decided that Thetis must marry a mortal, and Cheiron, the centaur, suggested that a student of his – Peleus – should marry her. She fled from him but was eventually captured and married to him. She had many children, and tried to make them immortal by dipping them in the Styx and then thrusting them into a fire. However, this killed all of them except her last-born, whose father saved him from the fire. The
boy, Achilles, had only been dipped into the Styx, which succeeded in protecting him, but since his mother had held him by the heel, that part of him was not protected.

According to legend, Achilles’ escape from the fire was very narrow indeed, with his father pulling him out too late to save him from being burnt on the ankle. However, the centaur Cheiron helped Peleus once again, by replacing the ankle bone of Achilles with one belonging to the giant Damysos, a great runner. This was what gave Achilles his famous speed.

An oracle told Achilles that he was destined either to have a short yet glorious life, or a long and undistinguished one. Achilles chose the more noble course, and when the Trojan War began he joined the Greeks and turned out to be a tremendous fighter.

His most famous adventure, however, centres around an argument with his king, Agamemnon, during which he shunned the battle completely. Without his inspiring presence, the Greeks lost a great many men, and begged him to return. Achilles compromised — he would allow his best friend Patrocles to wear his armour, fooling the Trojans into thinking he was Achilles and losing heart.

But then the plan backfired, and Patrocles was killed. Achilles was so brokenhearted and upset that he rejoined the war, fighting more fiercely than ever and killing the best Trojan fighter, Hector. However, he was hated by Apollo, who was fighting with the Trojans in the great war, and who killed Achilles in battle by shooting an arrow at the only vulnerable part of his body — his heel.

Internet: <http://news.bbc.co.uk> (adapted).

Judge the following item, based on the text above.

The use of the construction “It was decided” suggests that it cannot be known who made the decision.

When we are young, we learn that tigers and sharks are dangerous animals. We might be scared of them because they are big and powerful. As we get older, however, we learn that sometimes the most dangerous animals are also the smallest ones. In fact, the animal that kills the most people every year is one that you have probably killed many times: the mosquito.

While it may seem that all mosquitoes are biters, this is not actually the case. Male mosquitoes eat plant nectar. On the other hand, female mosquitoes feed on animal blood. They need this blood to live and produce eggs. When a female mosquito bites a human being, it injects a small amount of saliva into his/her blood. This saliva may or may not contain a deadly disease. Therefore, the result of the bite can be as minor as an itchy bump or as serious as death.

Because a mosquito can bite many people in the course of its life, it can carry diseases from one person to another very easily. Two of the most deadly diseases carried by mosquitoes are malaria and yellow fever. More than 700 million people become sick from these diseases every year. At least 2 million of these people will die as a consequence.

Many scientists are working on safer and better forms of killing mosquitoes, but so far, there is no sure way to protect everyone in the world from their deadly bites. Mosquito nets can be placed over beds to protect people against being bitten. These nets help people stay safe at night, but they do not kill any mosquitoes. However, mosquitoes have many natural enemies like bats, birds, dragonflies, and certain kinds of fish, so bringing more of these animals into places where mosquitoes live might help to cut down the amount of mosquitoes in that area. This is a natural solution, but it does not always work very well. Mosquitoes can also be killed with poisons or sprays. Even though these sprays kill mosquitoes, they may also harm other plants or animals.

Internet: <www.englishforeveryone.org> (adapted).

Based on text above, judge the following item.

Tigers and sharks are dangerous to young people, but not to older people.

Com relação aos instrumentos legais que tratam da valorização de profissionais da educação, julgue o item que se segue.

O Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação instituiu a destinação de, no mínimo, 60% dos recursos anuais totais dos fundos estaduais e distritais para a remuneração dos profissionais do magistério da educação básica em efetivo exercício na rede pública.

Philadelphia is a city known for many things. It is where the Declaration of Independence was signed in 1776, and it was also the first capital of the United States. But one fact about Philadelphia is not so well-known: it is home to nearly 3,000 murals painted on the sides of homes and buildings around the city. In fact, it is said that Philadelphia has more murals than any other city in the world, with the exception of Rome. How did this come to be?

More than 20 years ago, a New Jersey artist named Jane Golden started a project pairing troubled youth with artists to paint murals on a few buildings around the city. From this small project, something magical happened. The young people involved helped to create magnificent pieces of art, but there were other, perhaps more important benefits. The young people learned to collaborate and get along with many different kinds of people during the various steps required to paint and design a mural. They learned to be responsible, because they needed to follow a schedule to make sure the murals were completed. They also learned to take pride in their community. It is hard for any resident to see the spectacular designs and not feel proud to be a part of Philadelphia.

Take a walk around some of the poorest neighborhoods in Philadelphia, full of broken windows and littered front steps, and you will find beautiful works of art on the sides and fronts of buildings. Of course the murals are not just in poor neighborhoods, but also in more affluent ones. Special buses take tourists to different parts of the city to see the various murals, which range from huge portraits of historical heroes, to cityscapes, to scenes depicting the diverse ethnic groups that call Philadelphia home.

As a result of its success, the mural project created by Jane Golden has now become the nation’s largest public art project and a model for other cities throughout the country seeking to help troubled youth.

Internet: <www.englishforeveryone.org> (adapted).

According to the text, judge the following item.

Rome does not have as many murals as those found in Philadelphia.

Os resultados do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB) apontam desigualdades entre as regiões brasileiras. Segundo relatório dos técnicos de Planejamento e Pesquisa do IPEA, 90% dos municípios nas categorias baixo e médio-inferior do IDEB estão localizados no Norte e no Nordeste do país. O Sul e o Sudeste possuem, respectivamente, 74% e 85% dos municípios com nota médio- superior e alta. E 47% dos municípios do Centro-Oeste apresentam notas ruins e 53%, notas boas.

Na educação, os técnicos identificaram que fatores como renda, moradia, água, esgoto, coleta de lixo e escolaridade da população do município influenciaram mais para a qualidade da nota do IDEB do que o acesso à infraestrutura pedagógica, como biblioteca escolar e laboratório de informática. E o fator que mais pode aumentar o desempenho do aluno é a escolaridade dos pais, principalmente a da mãe.

Em uma comparação entre o IDEB e o Índice das Condições Sociais (ICS), 94% dos municípios com ICS alto tiraram nota do IDEB entre alto e médio-superior. “Esses dados corroboram o entendimento de que é maior a probabilidade de se obter um resultado elevado no IDEB quando se tem um maior número de fatores sociais considerados adequados”, explica um dos autores do relatório.

Os técnicos afirmam que, na área de educação, não basta aos governos oferecerem boas escolas às crianças que se encontram à margem do acesso aos direitos básicos de cidadania, embora boas instalações e professores qualificados sejam importantes requisitos para o rendimento escolar.

Adriana Nicacio. Um novo olhar sobre a diversidade

territorial. In: Desafios do Desenvolvimento. Revista do IPEA, ano 10, n.º 77, 7/10/2013 (com adaptações).

No que se refere à organização das ideias no texto acima, julgue o item.

Mantendo-se a correção gramatical e os sentidos originais do texto, o trecho ‘Esses dados (...) considerados adequados’ poderia ser ligado à sentença “94% dos municípios com ICS alto tiraram nota do IDEB entre alto e médio- superior” por meio da expressão o que, desde que se suprimisse ‘Esses dados’ e se fizessem as devidas adaptações de sinais de pontuação.

Internet: <www.gocomics.com>.

Based on the comic strip, judge the item below.

By using “what will you do”, the teacher is asking the boy about hisfuture actions.

The goddess Thetis was a sea nymph, so beautiful that the Olympians desired her, and even Zeus was tempted. However, an oracle told the gods that the son of Thetis would be more magnificent than his father, and so the gods shunned her S because they did not want to suffer a similar fate to Chronos, whose son Zeus conquered.

It was decided that Thetis must marry a mortal, and Cheiron, the centaur, suggested that a student of his – Peleus – should marry her. She fled from him but was eventually captured and married to him. She had many children, and tried to make them immortal by dipping them in the Styx and then thrusting them into a fire. However, this killed all of them except her last-born, whose father saved him from the fire. The
boy, Achilles, had only been dipped into the Styx, which succeeded in protecting him, but since his mother had held him by the heel, that part of him was not protected.

According to legend, Achilles’ escape from the fire was very narrow indeed, with his father pulling him out too late to save him from being burnt on the ankle. However, the centaur Cheiron helped Peleus once again, by replacing the ankle bone of Achilles with one belonging to the giant Damysos, a great runner. This was what gave Achilles his famous speed.

An oracle told Achilles that he was destined either to have a short yet glorious life, or a long and undistinguished one. Achilles chose the more noble course, and when the Trojan War began he joined the Greeks and turned out to be a tremendous fighter.

His most famous adventure, however, centres around an argument with his king, Agamemnon, during which he shunned the battle completely. Without his inspiring presence, the Greeks lost a great many men, and begged him to return. Achilles compromised — he would allow his best friend Patrocles to wear his armour, fooling the Trojans into thinking he was Achilles and losing heart.

But then the plan backfired, and Patrocles was killed. Achilles was so brokenhearted and upset that he rejoined the war, fighting more fiercely than ever and killing the best Trojan fighter, Hector. However, he was hated by Apollo, who was fighting with the Trojans in the great war, and who killed Achilles in battle by shooting an arrow at the only vulnerable part of his body — his heel.

Internet: <http://news.bbc.co.uk> (adapted).

Judge the following item, based on the text above.

The verb form “shunned” in this particular context means ignored, avoided, or rejected.

An understanding of language as open, dynamic, energetic, constantly evolving and personal encompasses the rich complexities of communication. This expanded view of language also makes educational experience more engaging for students. Language is not a thing to be studied but a way of seeing, understanding and communicating about the world and each language user uses his or her language(s) differently to do this. People use language for purposeful communication and learning a new language involves learning how touse words, rules and knowledge about language and its use in order to communicate with speakers of the language.

This understanding of language sees a language not simply as a body of knowledge to be learnt but as a social practice in which to participate. Language is something that people do in their daily lives and something they use to express, create and interpret meanings and to establish and maintain social and interpersonal relationships. If language is a social practice of meaning-making and interpretation, then it is not enough for language learners just to know grammar and vocabulary. They also need to know how that language is used to create and represent meanings and how to communicate with others and to engage with the communication of others. This requires the development of awareness of the nature of language and its impact on the world.

A. Scarino; A. J. Liddicoat. Teaching and learning

languages: a guide. Australia: Commonwealth of Australia, 2009, p. 16. Internet: <www.tllg.unisa.edu.au> (adapted).

According to the text, judge the following item.

In “This understanding of language sees a language not simply as a body of knowledge”, “as” suggests a comparison.

Os resultados do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB) apontam desigualdades entre as regiões brasileiras. Segundo relatório dos técnicos de Planejamento e Pesquisa do IPEA, 90% dos municípios nas categorias baixo e médio-inferior do IDEB estão localizados no Norte e no Nordeste do país. O Sul e o Sudeste possuem, respectivamente, 74% e 85% dos municípios com nota médio- superior e alta. E 47% dos municípios do Centro-Oeste apresentam notas ruins e 53%, notas boas.

Na educação, os técnicos identificaram que fatores como renda, moradia, água, esgoto, coleta de lixo e escolaridade da população do município influenciaram mais para a qualidade da nota do IDEB do que o acesso à infraestrutura pedagógica, como biblioteca escolar e laboratório de informática. E o fator que mais pode aumentar o desempenho do aluno é a escolaridade dos pais, principalmente a da mãe.

Em uma comparação entre o IDEB e o Índice das Condições Sociais (ICS), 94% dos municípios com ICS alto tiraram nota do IDEB entre alto e médio-superior. “Esses dados corroboram o entendimento de que é maior a probabilidade de se obter um resultado elevado no IDEB quando se tem um maior número de fatores sociais considerados adequados”, explica um dos autores do relatório.

Os técnicos afirmam que, na área de educação, não basta aos governos oferecerem boas escolas às crianças que se encontram à margem do acesso aos direitos básicos de cidadania, embora boas instalações e professores qualificados sejam importantes requisitos para o rendimento escolar.

Adriana Nicacio. Um novo olhar sobre a diversidade

territorial. In: Desafios do Desenvolvimento. Revista do IPEA, ano 10, n.º 77, 7/10/2013 (com adaptações).

No que se refere à organização das ideias no texto acima, julgue o item.

Depreende-se do texto que a região Sul do país foi a que obteve a melhor nota no IDEB.

Internet: <www.gocomics.com>.

Based on the comic strip, judge the item below.

In “What will you do if the rest of your life doesn’t entertain you every minute?”, the teacher is asking the boy about an unreal hypothetical situation.