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DREW OLANOFF JOSH CONSTINE, COLLEEN TAYLOR, INGRID LUNDEN
Tuesday, January 15th, 2013
Today at Facebook’s press event, Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook, announced its latest product, called Graph Search.
Zuckerberg made it very clear that this is not web search, but completely different.
He explained the difference between web search and Graph Search. “Web search is designed to take any open-ended query and give you links that might have answers.” Linking things together based on things that you’re interested in is a “very hard technical problem,” according to Zuckerberg.
Graph Search is designed to take a precise query and give you an answer, rather than links that might provide the answer.” For example, you could ask Graph Search “Who are my friends that live in San Francisco?”
Zuckerberg says that Graph Search is in “very early beta.” People, photos, places and interests are the focus for the first iteration of the product.
Facebook Graph Search is completely personalized. Tom Stocky of the search team explains he gets unique results for a search of “friends who like Star Wars and Harry Potter.” Then, “If anyone else does this search they get a completely different set of results. ...C... someone had the same set of friends as me, the results would be different [because we have different relationships with our friends].”
You can also use Graph Search for recruiting. Stocky says if he was looking for people to join the team at Facebook, he could search for NASA Ames employees who are friends with people at Facebook. “If I wanted to reach out and recruit them, I could see who their friends are at Facebook. To refine them I can look for people who wrote they are “founders.”
Photos is another big part of Graph Search. Results are sorted by engagement so you see the ones with the most likes and comments at the top. For example, Lars Rasmussen, Facebook engineer, searched for “photos of my friends taken at National Parks.” He got a gorgeous page of photos from Yosemite, Machu Pichu, and other parks.
(Adapted from http://techcrunch.com/2013/01/15/facebook-announce...)
A alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna ...C... é
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O sucesso depende do foco em saber o que se quer
Em 1982, o Sr. Hiroshito I. Hossaka abriu sua primeira escola de datilografia no bairro do Bom Retiro em São Paulo e logo no primeiro mês já contabilizava uma clientela de 30 alunos matriculados. Anos depois, em 1989, o mesmo curso, já modernizado, utilizava computadores da linha IBM PC AT em 9 filiais espalhadas pelo estado de São Paulo com um total de 550 alunos. Nessa época, todo o controle de caixa e de matrículas era feito utilizando o software Lotus 1-2-3.
Com o crescimento constante do número de filiais e de alunos matriculados, o Sr. Hiroshito percebeu que o controle via planilha não era mais suficiente. Adquiriu alguns softwares de prateleira comercializados em lojas de varejo, mas todos não atendiam suas necessidades. Nessa época, a rede de escolas do Sr. Hiroshito já ministrava cursos em diversas áreas do conhecimento, como informática, enfermagem, eletrônica e contabilidade.
Em 1998, impulsionado pelo apelo das mídias especializadas em tecnologia, o Sr. Hiroshito decidiu contratar uma empresa especializada no desenvolvimento de software para criar um sistema que permitisse integrar todos os processos e resultados da empresa (como compras de materiais, matrículas, cursos, funcionários, contabilidade etc.). Por três anos, a empresa de desenvolvimento contratada manteve especialistas em contato direto com os funcionários das diversas áreas da empresa, levantando suas necessidades. Muitas das necessidades relatadas nunca foram implementadas e diversas delas, por terem sido relatadas de forma imprecisa e dando margem à ambiguidade, foram implementadas de maneira incorreta ou deficiente. Frequentemente, os preços e o prazo de entrega prometidos eram alterados. Um ano depois, a contratada havia aumentado em 40% o preço pedido para a fabricação do software e em 60% o prazo de entrega. Além desses gastos, para atender às necessidades de hardware, software e infraestrutura para executar o sistema e integrar todas as filiais, o Sr. Hiroshito já havia gasto o que equivaleria nos dias de hoje a cerca de 1,5 milhões de reais.
Três anos se passaram e o software, que parecia a galinha dos ovos de ouro, se tornou um pesadelo para o Sr. Hiroshito, que já cogitava voltar a fazer os controles por meio das velhas planilhas de cálculo. Não era homem de desistir facilmente, mas quando toda a parte já desenvolvida do sistema (do qual já tinha certa dependência) parou de funcionar por uma semana sem que a contra-tada apresentasse uma solução clara e coerente, ele rompeu o contrato. A empresa contratada foi penalizada legalmente a devolver 30% dos valores já pagos pelo software.
Por cerca de um ano, todos os controles voltaram a ser feitos por planilhas de cálculo e editores de texto, enquanto o Sr. Hiroshito contratava uma equipe de TI própria para desenvolver um novo sistema. Em 2004, a equipe de TI contava com 1 gerente de projetos, 10 analistas de sistemas, 15 programadores, 2 administradores de banco de dados e 3 especialistas em infraestrutura de redes e servidores. Apesar das perdas geradas pelo fracasso do software anterior, a rede de escolas do Sr. Hiroshito estava em franco crescimento e mais 5 novos cursos passaram a ser oferecidos. Naquele ano, após autorização do MEC, foi inaugurada a Faculdade Integrada Hiroshito. Para dar foco ao novo nicho de mercado voltado para os cursos superiores, ele vendeu a rede de escolas e ficou apenas com a faculdade recém inaugurada.
A equipe de TI recém-contratada foi incumbida de desenvolver o sistema para a faculdade. Para realizar a tarefa, foi feito um levantamento inicial dos softwares, equipamentos de informática e telecomunicações necessários. Teve início também nesse mesmo ano o desenvolvimento do software. A equipe de TI adotou o grupo de conhecimentos de engenharia de requisitos e as melhores práticas no gerenciamento e desenvolvimento de projetos.
Em junho de 2006, 60% das funcionalidades do software haviam sido desenvolvidas atendendo as expectativas do Sr. Hiroshito. O desenvolvimento do software até esse período havia superado em 32% o valor previsto inicialmente, porém, o software havia contribuído com um aumento de 75% no faturamento da empresa. Em janeiro de 2008, o software tinha 90% de suas funcionalidades desenvolvidas e 10% delas foram descartadas por extrapolarem muito o orçamento previsto. Nessa época, o Sr. Hiroshito comemorava a terceira filial da faculdade com muito otimismo.
(Pedro Henrique Leuret, inédito)
Informações adicionais:
Dentre os requisitos obtidos para a construção do software constavam:
1. O software deve permitir as funções de cadastro, consultas diversas, alteração de dados e exclusão de alunos, professores e demais colaboradores.
2. O sistema deve ser fácil de usar, fácil de encontrar o que se procura e fácil de memorizar os passos para executar as operações mais comuns.
3. O sistema deve ter seu funcionamento baseado nas tecnologias web.
4. Todas as operações disponibilizadas no sistema devem contemplar a legislação vigente.
5. O sistema deve fazer interface com o sistema da Receita Federal por meio de requisições/respostas utilizando XML.
6. Os alunos devem poder obter por meio do sistema informações sobre suas faltas e notas em cada disciplina.
7. O boletim e o histórico do aluno poderão ser consultados e visualizados pelos gestores, funcionários da secretaria e pelo próprio aluno.
8. Ao clicar em uma opção para gerar o boletim do aluno, deve ser apresentada ao solicitante uma tabela com todas as disciplinas que o aluno cursou, bem como as notas das provas e o número total de faltas em cada disciplina.
9. O sistema deve responder à solicitação de geração do boletim de um aluno em no máximo 10 segundos.
10. O sistema deve calcular a média aritmética das duas maiores dentre três notas de cada disciplina no final do semestre.
11. Quando o sistema constatar que o aluno tem mais que 25% de faltas em uma disciplina do semestre, deve ser exibida no boletim do aluno a informação "Reprovado".
12. O sistema deverá suportar a execução em qualquer plataforma de hardware e/ou sistema operacional.
13. O sistema deve enviar automaticamente para o e-mail dos gestores autorizados um relatório com o número de alunos inadimplentes por curso.
14. O sistema não deve revelar quaisquer dados pessoais dos alunos aos professores, exceto informações sobre notas e faltas no curso em que o professor leciona.
15. O sistema deve permitir que o professor inclua ou modifique as notas de seus alunos durante o semestre letivo.
16. A quantidade de memória necessária para que um terminal possa executar o sistema nas condições mínimas aceitáveis é de 1 gigabyte.
17. A taxa aceitável de falhas nas operações realizadas pelo usuário no sistema deve ser de 1 falha para cada 200 operações.
18. O sistema e sua respectiva documentação deverão ser entregues em um ano a partir da data atual.
19. O sistema não deve permitir operações que beneficiem alguns usuários em detrimento de outros.
20. A interface do usuário deve ser construída utilizando HTML5 e CSS.
21. Se a média do aluno por disciplina, calculada no final do semestre, for menor do que 7, deve ser exibido no boletim do aluno a informação "Reprovado".
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For taxpayer advocate, a familiar refrain
By Michelle Singletary, Published: January 15, 2013
It’s not nice to tell people “I told you so.” But if anybody has the right to say that, it’s Nina E. Olson, the national taxpayer advocate.
Olson recently submitted her annual report to Congress and top on her list of things that need to be fixed is the complexity of the tax code, which she called the most serious problem facing taxpayers.
Let’s just look at the most recent evidence of complexity run amok. The Internal Revenue Service had to delay the tax-filing season so it could update forms and its programming to accommodate recent changes made under the American Taxpayer Relief Act. The IRS won’t start processing individual income tax returns until Jan. 30. Yet one thing remains unchanged − the April 15 tax deadline.
Because of the new tax laws, the IRS also had to release updated income-tax withholding tables for 2013. These replace the tables issued Dec. 31. Yes, let’s just keep making more work for the agency that is already overburdened. Not to mention the extra work for employers, who have to use the revised information to correct the amount of Social Security tax withheld in 2013. And they have to make that correction in order to withhold a larger Social Security tax of 6.2 percent on wages, following the expiration of the payroll tax cut in effect for 2011 and 2012.
Oh, and there was the near miss with the alternative minimum tax that could have delayed the tax filing season to late March. The AMT was created to target high-income taxpayers who were claiming so many deductions that they owed little or no income tax. Olson and many others have complained for years that the AMT wasn’t indexed for inflation.
“Many middle- and upper-middle-class taxpayers pay the AMT, while most wealthy taxpayers do not, and thousands of millionaires pay ..A.. income tax at all,” Olson said.
As part of the recent “fiscal cliff” deal, the AMT is now fixed, a move that the IRS was anticipating. It had already decided to program its systems on the assumption that an AMT patch would be passed, Olson said. Had the agency not taken the risk, the time it would have taken to update the systems “would have brought about the most chaotic filing season in memory,” she said in her report.
The tax code contains almost 4 million words. Since 2001, there have been about 4,680 changes, or an average of more than one change a day. What else troubles Olson? Here’s what:
− Nearly 60 percent of taxpayers hire paid preparers, and another 30 percent rely on commercial software to prepare their returns.
− Many taxpayers don’t really know how their taxes are computed and what rate of tax they pay.
− The complex code makes tax fraud ..B.. to detect.
− Because the code is so complicated, it creates an impression that many taxpayers are not paying their fair share. This reduces trust in the system and perhaps leads some people to cheat. Who wants to be the sucker in this game? So someone might not declare all of his income, rationalizing that millionaires get to use the convoluted code to greatly reduce their tax liability.
− In fiscal year 2012, the IRS received around 125 million calls. But the agency answered only about two out of three calls from people trying to reach a live person, and those taxpayers had to wait, on average, about 17 minutes to get through.
“I hope 2013 brings about fundamental tax simplification,” Olson pleaded in her report. She urged Congress to reassess the need for the tax breaks we know as income exclusions, exemptions, deductions and credits. It’s all these tax advantage breaks that complicate the code. If done right, and without reducing revenue, tax rates could be substantially lowered in exchange for ending tax breaks, she said.
No texto, “overburdened” significa
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Facebook Announces Its Third Pillar “Graph Search” That Gives You Answers, Not Links Like Google DREW OLANOFF JOSH CONSTINE, COLLEEN TAYLOR, INGRID LUNDEN
Tuesday, January 15th, 2013
Today at Facebook’s press event, Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook, announced its latest product, called Graph Search.
Zuckerberg made it very clear that this is not web search, but completely different.
He explained the difference between web search and Graph Search. “Web search is designed to take any open-ended query and give you links that might have answers.” Linking things together based on things that you’re interested in is a “very hard technical problem,” according to Zuckerberg.
Graph Search is designed to take a precise query and give you an answer, rather than links that might provide the answer.” For example, you could ask Graph Search “Who are my friends that live in San Francisco?”
Zuckerberg says that Graph Search is in “very early beta.” People, photos, places and interests are the focus for the first iteration of the product.
Facebook Graph Search is completely personalized. Tom Stocky of the search team explains he gets unique results for a search of “friends who like Star Wars and Harry Potter.” Then, “If anyone else does this search they get a completely different set of results. ..C.. someone had the same set of friends as me, the results would be different [because we have different relationships with our friends].”
You can also use Graph Search for recruiting. Stocky says if he was looking for people to join the team at Facebook, he could search for NASA Ames employees who are friends with people at Facebook. “If I wanted to reach out and recruit them, I could see who their friends are at Facebook. To refine them I can look for people who wrote they are “founders.”
Photos is another big part of Graph Search. Results are sorted by engagement so you see the ones with the most likes and comments at the top. For example, Lars Rasmussen, Facebook engineer, searched for “photos of my friends taken at National Parks.” He got a gorgeous page of photos from Yosemite, Machu Pichu, and other parks.
Infere-se do texto que
Provas
For taxpayer advocate, a familiar refrain
By Michelle Singletary, Published: January 15, 2013
It’s not nice to tell people “I told you so.” But if anybody has the right to say that, it’s Nina E. Olson, the national taxpayer advocate.
Olson recently submitted her annual report to Congress and top on her list of things that need to be fixed is the complexity of the tax code, which she called the most serious problem facing taxpayers.
Let’s just look at the most recent evidence of complexity run amok. The Internal Revenue Service had to delay the tax-filing season so it could update forms and its programming to accommodate recent changes made under the American Taxpayer Relief Act. The IRS won’t start processing individual income tax returns until Jan. 30. Yet one thing remains unchanged − the April 15 tax deadline.
Because of the new tax laws, the IRS also had to release updated income-tax withholding tables for 2013. These replace the tables issued Dec. 31. Yes, let’s just keep making more work for the agency that is already overburdened. Not to mention the extra work for employers, who have to use the revised information to correct the amount of Social Security tax withheld in 2013. And they have to make that correction in order to withhold a larger Social Security tax of 6.2 percent on wages, following the expiration of the payroll tax cut in effect for 2011 and 2012.
Oh, and there was the near miss with the alternative minimum tax that could have delayed the tax filing season to late March. The AMT was created to target high-income taxpayers who were claiming so many deductions that they owed little or no income tax. Olson and many others have complained for years that the AMT wasn’t indexed for inflation.
“Many middle- and upper-middle-class taxpayers pay the AMT, while most wealthy taxpayers do not, and thousands of millionaires pay ..A.. income tax at all,” Olson said.
As part of the recent “fiscal cliff” deal, the AMT is now fixed, a move that the IRS was anticipating. It had already decided to program its systems on the assumption that an AMT patch would be passed, Olson said. Had the agency not taken the risk, the time it would have taken to update the systems “would have brought about the most chaotic filing season in memory,” she said in her report.
The tax code contains almost 4 million words. Since 2001, there have been about 4,680 changes, or an average of more than one change a day. What else troubles Olson? Here’s what:
− Nearly 60 percent of taxpayers hire paid preparers, and another 30 percent rely on commercial software to prepare their returns.
− Many taxpayers don’t really know how their taxes are computed and what rate of tax they pay.
− The complex code makes tax fraud ..B.. to detect.
− Because the code is so complicated, it creates an impression that many taxpayers are not paying their fair share. This reduces trust in the system and perhaps leads some people to cheat. Who wants to be the sucker in this game? So someone might not declare all of his income, rationalizing that millionaires get to use the convoluted code to greatly reduce their tax liability.
− In fiscal year 2012, the IRS received around 125 million calls. But the agency answered only about two out of three calls from people trying to reach a live person, and those taxpayers had to wait, on average, about 17 minutes to get through.
“I hope 2013 brings about fundamental tax simplification,” Olson pleaded in her report. She urged Congress to reassess the need for the tax breaks we know as income exclusions, exemptions, deductions and credits. It’s all these tax advantage breaks that complicate the code. If done right, and without reducing revenue, tax rates could be substantially lowered in exchange for ending tax breaks, she said.
A alternativa que preenche corretamente a lacuna ..A.. é
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Provas
For taxpayer advocate, a familiar refrain
By Michelle Singletary, Published: January 15, 2013
It’s not nice to tell people “I told you so.” But if anybody has the right to say that, it’s Nina E. Olson, the national taxpayer advocate.
Olson recently submitted her annual report to Congress and top on her list of things that need to be fixed is the complexity of the tax code, which she called the most serious problem facing taxpayers.
Let’s just look at the most recent evidence of complexity run amok. The Internal Revenue Service had to delay the tax-filing season so it could update forms and its programming to accommodate recent changes made under the American Taxpayer Relief Act. The IRS won’t start processing individual income tax returns until Jan. 30. Yet one thing remains unchanged − the April 15 tax deadline.
Because of the new tax laws, the IRS also had to release updated income-tax withholding tables for 2013. These replace the tables issued Dec. 31. Yes, let’s just keep making more work for the agency that is already overburdened. Not to mention the extra work for employers, who have to use the revised information to correct the amount of Social Security tax withheld in 2013. And they have to make that correction in order to withhold a larger Social Security tax of 6.2 percent on wages, following the expiration of the payroll tax cut in effect for 2011 and 2012.
Oh, and there was the near miss with the alternative minimum tax that could have delayed the tax filing season to late March. The AMT was created to target high-income taxpayers who were claiming so many deductions that they owed little or no income tax. Olson and many others have complained for years that the AMT wasn’t indexed for inflation.
“Many middle- and upper-middle-class taxpayers pay the AMT, while most wealthy taxpayers do not, and thousands of millionaires pay ..A.. income tax at all,” Olson said.
As part of the recent “fiscal cliff” deal, the AMT is now fixed, a move that the IRS was anticipating. It had already decided to program its systems on the assumption that an AMT patch would be passed, Olson said. Had the agency not taken the risk, the time it would have taken to update the systems “would have brought about the most chaotic filing season in memory,” she said in her report.
The tax code contains almost 4 million words. Since 2001, there have been about 4,680 changes, or an average of more than one change a day. What else troubles Olson? Here’s what:
− Nearly 60 percent of taxpayers hire paid preparers, and another 30 percent rely on commercial software to prepare their returns.
− Many taxpayers don’t really know how their taxes are computed and what rate of tax they pay.
− The complex code makes tax fraud ..B.. to detect.
− Because the code is so complicated, it creates an impression that many taxpayers are not paying their fair share. This reduces trust in the system and perhaps leads some people to cheat. Who wants to be the sucker in this game? So someone might not declare all of his income, rationalizing that millionaires get to use the convoluted code to greatly reduce their tax liability.
− In fiscal year 2012, the IRS received around 125 million calls. But the agency answered only about two out of three calls from people trying to reach a live person, and those taxpayers had to wait, on average, about 17 minutes to get through.
“I hope 2013 brings about fundamental tax simplification,” Olson pleaded in her report. She urged Congress to reassess the need for the tax breaks we know as income exclusions, exemptions, deductions and credits. It’s all these tax advantage breaks that complicate the code. If done right, and without reducing revenue, tax rates could be substantially lowered in exchange for ending tax breaks, she said.
Provas
- Vocabulário | Vocabulary
- Tradução | Translation
- Gramática - Língua InglesaAdjetivos | AdjectivesComparativo e superlativo de adjetivos | Comparative and superlative
Facebook Announces Its Third Pillar “Graph Search” That Gives You Answers, Not Links Like Google DREW OLANOFF JOSH CONSTINE, COLLEEN TAYLOR, INGRID LUNDEN
Tuesday, January 15th, 2013
Today at Facebook’s press event, Mark Zuckerberg, CEO of Facebook, announced its latest product, called Graph Search.
Zuckerberg made it very clear that this is not web search, but completely different.
He explained the difference between web search and Graph Search. “Web search is designed to take any open-ended query and give you links that might have answers.” Linking things together based on things that you’re interested in is a “very hard technical problem,” according to Zuckerberg.
Graph Search is designed to take a precise query and give you an answer, rather than links that might provide the answer.” For example, you could ask Graph Search “Who are my friends that live in San Francisco?”
Zuckerberg says that Graph Search is in “very early beta.” People, photos, places and interests are the focus for the first iteration of the product.
Facebook Graph Search is completely personalized. Tom Stocky of the search team explains he gets unique results for a search of “friends who like Star Wars and Harry Potter.” Then, “If anyone else does this search they get a completely different set of results. ..C.. someone had the same set of friends as me, the results would be different [because we have different relationships with our friends].”
You can also use Graph Search for recruiting. Stocky says if he was looking for people to join the team at Facebook, he could search for NASA Ames employees who are friends with people at Facebook. “If I wanted to reach out and recruit them, I could see who their friends are at Facebook. To refine them I can look for people who wrote they are “founders.”
Photos is another big part of Graph Search. Results are sorted by engagement so you see the ones with the most likes and comments at the top. For example, Lars Rasmussen, Facebook engineer, searched for “photos of my friends taken at National Parks.” He got a gorgeous page of photos from Yosemite, Machu Pichu, and other parks.
No texto, “latest” significa
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Atenção: Considere o texto abaixo para responder à questão.
No tempo de Lavinia Fontana, na efervescência da Bolonha do século XVI(a), uma pintura(b), fosse(b) um retrato ou uma cena, fosse religiosa ou alegórica, histórica ou privada, era criada com a intenção de ser lida. Essa era uma característica inerente e essencial do ato estético: a possibilidade, por meio de um vocabulário compartilhado, da comunicação entre o ponto de vista do artista e o ponto de vista do público. Um quadro podia ser venerado pela sua arte ou seu conteúdo, mas acima da veneração estava a promessa de algo a ser aprendido ou pelo menos reconhecido. Ainda no século VI, o papa Gregório, o Grande, havia declarado: "Uma coisa é adorar um quadro, outra é aprender em profundidade, por meio dos quadros, uma história venerável. Pois aquilo(c) que a escrita torna presente para o leitor as pinturas(c) tornam presente para os iletrados(d), para aqueles que só percebem visualmente, porque nas imagens os ignorantes veem a história que devem seguir, e aqueles que não conhecem o alfabeto descobrem que podem, de certa maneira(e), ler(e). Portanto, especialmente para o povo comum, as pinturas são o equivalente da leitura”.
[...] na nossa época, quando as imagens ganham novamente proeminência sobre a palavra escrita, falta-nos esse vocabulário visual compartilhado. Temos permitido que a propaganda e a mídia eletrônica privilegiem a imagem para transmitir informações instantaneamente ao maior número de pessoas; esquecemos que a própria velocidade as converte na ferramenta ideal de comunicação para toda sorte de propaganda, porque, manipuladas pela mídia, essas imagens não nos dão tempo para uma crítica ou reflexão pausada. "Adoramos as imagens”, mas não “aprendemos em profundidade, por meio delas”. Superficialmente, temos em comum certas imagens básicas − de eficiência e lucro, de sexualidade e satisfação − , cada uma com seu lugar-comum nas propagandas completamente banais para a Ralph Lauren ou a Volvo, ou para o Homem de Marlboro, com sua tendência ao câncer. Um carro comumente significa sucesso, um cigarro, auto-afirmação; as praias oferecem um paraíso perdido, e as roupas de um estilista definem a identidade. Mas a leitura de imagens mais antigas e mais sábias nos escapa. Falta-nos uma linguagem comum, que seja profunda e significativamente rica. Vivemos, mais uma vez, na Torre de Babel inacabada.
Obs.: Lavinia Fontana (Bolonha (1552); Roma (1614)), pintora italiana. Seu pai e professor, Prospero Fontana, era o principal pintor da Escola de Bolonha.
(Alberto Manguel, Lendo imagens: uma história de amor e ódio. Trad. Rubens Figueiredo, Rosaura Eichemberg, Cláudio Strauch, São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2001, p. 143 e 144)
Afirma-se com correção:
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Caderno Container