I am an Indian, very brown, born in
Malabar, I speak three languages, write in
Two dream in one. Don’t write in English, they said,
English is not your mother-tongue. Why not leave
Me alone, critics, friends, visiting cousins,
Everyone of you? Why not let me speak in
Any language I like? The language I speak
Becomes mine, its distortions, its queernesses,
All mine, mine alone. It is half English, half
Indian, funny perhaps, but it is honest,
It is as human as I am human, don’t
You see? It voices my joys, my longings, my
Hopes, and it is useful to me . . .

(Kamala Das, 1997: 10)

Kamala Das captures the paradox of English in the world today. To some, English anywhere outside the mother tongue context is an alien language, perhaps even an imposed language. From this standpoint, English has a fixed identity, both political and linguistic. It represents something peculiarly English, or perhaps Anglo-American, but at all events certainly Western. English has become a world language because – and to the extent that – Anglo-American, Western culture has become hegemonic in the world. To others English, although not their mother tongue, is nevertheless their language, an expression of their own unique identity. It is theirs because they have made it so – through their lived experiences in the language that have gained expression in the way they use English. In this view, English has become a world language to the extent that it has been stripped of any simplistic association with Anglo American and Western culture. World English has emerged because its users have changed the language as they have spread it. Of the many English writers from Africa and Asia who have addressed this topic, perhaps none has expressed the point so eloquently as Chinua Achebe:

What I . . . see is a new voice coming out of Africa, speaking of African experience in a world-wide language. . . . The price a world language must be prepared to pay is submission to many different kinds of use. . . . The African writer should aim to use English in a way that brings out his message best without altering the language to the extent that its value as a medium of international exchange will be lost. . . . He should aim at fashioning out an English which

is at once universal and able to carry his peculiar experience . . . I feel that the English language will be able to carry the weight of my African experience. But it will have to be a new English, still in full communion with its ancestral home but altered to suit its new African surroundings. (1994: 433–4)

The alternative below that summarizes the main idea of the text is:

A participação dos terapeutas ocupacionais no debate sobre o processo de desinstitucionalização no campo da saúde mental, acompanhado da dinâmica dos movimentos sociais e das intervenções no âmbito territorial, impulsionou o repensar da profissão no campo social a partir de 1970, segundo Oliver e Barros(1999), e inseriu o eixo da cidadania na composição do escopo da visão do terapeuta ocupacional. De acordo com as autoras, com esta nova proposição espera-se que o profissional:

Em seu artigo sobre a reserva técnica, Antonio Mirabile cita uma série de aspectos, EXCETO que:

To be stored, processed and displayed by a computer, every character – alphabetic letter, ideogram, punctuation, number, symbol – needs to be represented by a number. What Unicode (http://www.unicode.org) does is to assign a unique number to every different character, currently over 100,000 of them. This avoids possible conflicts between different encoding schemes which represent the same character by different numbers or different characters by the same number, leading to corruption as data is passed from one application to another. Unicode is the character encoding standard for XML and has been widely adopted by global organizations, since its use can hugely facilitate software localization. Open source (http://www.opensource.org) extends this concern with sharable, reusable resources to program code. While open-source activity in translation technology remains relatively low, there are some notable exceptions in MT and TM and we can expect this model of software development to become more widespread in translation, to the benefit of translators in developing countries among others.

The words in bold type (displayed, avoids, since, widespread) can be replaced with little change in meaning by, respectively:

Para coleta de plantas arbóreas é necessário levar ao campo:

Buscar o original é empreendimento similar ao que Proust procurou realizar quando saiu em busca do tempo perdido. A busca consistia em realizar viagem ao imaginário que se produziu a partir de uma experiência passada, mas a experiência propriamente dita ficou irrecuperavelmente presa ao contexto histórico que a produziu. Apesar da impossibilidade de apresentar o original aos seus leitores, pois Proust certamente não pretendia realizar um documento histórico descrevendo cada batida do seu coração, mesmo porque o documento histórico tampouco representaria o original, o tempo não fora perdido nem para Proust, menos ainda para os seus leitores. Proust não recupera o tempo perdido, mas cria um tempo que é e não é original. A originalidade fica por conta do uso que Proust faz de histórias já contadas, com outras criadas a partir de suas experiências pessoais. O encanto maior na busca que Proust faz ao seu passado perdido é o percurso que ele nos leva a atravessar. É o percurso e não o destino, dizia Guimarães Rosa, que importa. Até porque, e agora quem dizia era T. S. Eliot, quando chegamos, chegamos ao ponto de onde partimos. Chegar, portanto, não é o que nos importa em vida, navegar é que é preciso.

The most accurate version of the sentence below is:

“Buscar o original é empreendimento similar ao que Proust procurou realizar quando saiu em busca do tempo perdido.”

Levando em consideração as diferenças entre o documento tradicional e o documento eletrônico, no que tange à conservação dos documentos, a quais principais diferenças de procedimento o arquivista deve estar atento?

Date rape, according to some researchers, is a major social problem so far studied mostly through surveys of college students. In a three-year study of 6,200 male and female students on 32 campuses, Kent State Psychologist Mary Koss found that 15% of all women reported experiences that met legal definitions of forcible rape. More than half those cases were date rapes. Andrea Parrot, a lecturer at Cornell University, estimates that 20% of college women at two campuses she surveyed had been forced into sex during their college years or before, and most of these incidents were date rapes. (TIME Magazine)

The words in bold (those, she, their, incidents) have the following referents, respectively: