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Mythologie
La mythologie est le corpus des mythes révélant le système de pensée sous-tendant une religion et la civilisation qui la porte. Ces mythes s’expriment dans un groupe cohérent de récits également nommé “mythologie”.
La mythologie prend sens et activité dans une culture socio-religieuse. Le mot est généralement utilisé pour décrire les systèmes religieux des mondes anciens ou des civilisations premières, séparées dans l’espace ou dans le temps. En effet, tout comme les religions exotiques, nombre de religions antiques et ancestrales ne sont connues de la majorité des gens qu’à travers les récits mythiques qu’elles ont laissés.
Il est plus difficile de parler de mythologie à propos des religions contemporaines, terme que les croyants sont tout disposés à prendre pour une offense envers leur foi, une attaque contre leurs croyances1 ou au minimum, une manifestation d’intolérance. Les dieux des voies monothéistes sont pensés comme étant le seul et unique Dieu, et de ce fait, comme la seule instance possible de ce concept. Le croyant monothéiste est donc facilement amené à penser que son dieu est le vrai tandis que celui des autres serait faux, ce qui pose donc le problème de la vérité et non le problème de la mythologie.
1croyance – confession, dogme, conviction, foi.
Internet: <wikipedia.org> (adapté).
En considérant le idée du texte, juge le proposition suivantes.
Pour les infidèles, la mythologie pose un problème de foi, car ils peuvent se sentir offensés.
Provas
Text for item.
Myths and legends
The concept of myths and legends is not very clear to many people. A myth may refer to:
• a sacred story concerning the origins of the world or how the world and the creatures in it came to have their present form. The active beings in myths are generally gods and heroes. Myths often are said to take place before recorded history begins. In saying that a myth is a sacred narrative, what is meant is that a myth is believed to be true by people who attach religious or spiritual significance to it. Use of the term by scholars does not imply that the narrative 1 is either true or false;
• something that is widely believed but false. This popular use, which is often pejorative, arose from labeling the religious stories and beliefs of other cultures as being incorrect, but it has spread to cover non-religious beliefs as well. Because of this usage, many people take offense when the religious narratives they believe to be true are called myths.
A legend, on the other hand, is a narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to take place within human history and to possess certain qualities that give the tale the appearance of being real. A legend, for its active and passive participants, includes only happenings that are within the limits of possibility, defined by a highly flexible set of parameters, which may include miracles that are perceived as actually having happened, within the specific tradition of indoctrination where the legend arises, and within which it may be transformed over time, in order to keep it fresh and vital, and realistic.
In conclusion, a legend is a story which is told as if it were a historical event, rather than as an explanation for something or a symbolic narrative. Thus, examples of legends are the stories about Robin Hood, which are set in a definite period, the reign of Richard I of England (1189-99), or about King Arthur.
1scholars – people who study a particular subject and know a lot about it, especially a subject that is not scientific.
Internet: <en.wikipedia.org> (adapted).
According to the text above,
the origin of myths can be traced back to prehistory.
Provas
Disciplina: Espanhol (Língua Espanhola)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: UnB
Texto para lo ítem.
Mitología
Los mitos son relatos basados en la tradición de leyendas creadas para explicar el universo, el origen delmundo, los fenómenos naturales y cualquier cosa para la que no haya una explicación simple. Sin embargo, no todos los mitos tienen por qué tener este propósito explicativo. Igualmente, en su mayoría, los mitos están relacionados con una fuerza natural o deidad, pero muchos son simplemente historias y leyendas que se han ido transmitiendo oralmente de generación en generación.
La mitología aparece de manera prominente en la mayoría de las religiones y de igual modo la mayoría de las mitologías está relacionada con al menos una religión.
El término se suele usar en este sentido para referirse a las religiones fundadas por sociedades antiguas, como la mitología griega, la mitología romana y la mitología escandinava. Sin embargo, es importante recordar que, mientras algunas personas ven los panteones escandinavos y celtas como meras fábulas, otros las consideran religiones.
Generalmente mucha gente no considera los relatos que rodean al origen y desarrollo de religiones como el cristianismo, judaísmo e islamismo como crónicas literales de eventos, sino más bien como representaciones figurativas de sus sistemas de valores.
Internet: <es.wikipedia.org> (con adaptaciones).
Según el texto, juzgue lo ítem siguiente.
El concepto de mito como puro producto de la imaginación está aceptado por todos.
Provas
Disciplina: Espanhol (Língua Espanhola)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: UnB
Texto para lo ítem.
Mitología
Los mitos son relatos basados en la tradición de leyendas creadas para explicar el universo, el origen delmundo, los fenómenos naturales y cualquier cosa para la que no haya una explicación simple. Sin embargo, no todos los mitos tienen por qué tener este propósito explicativo. Igualmente, en su mayoría, los mitos están relacionados con una fuerza natural o deidad, pero muchos son simplemente historias y leyendas que se han ido transmitiendo oralmente de generación en generación.
La mitología aparece de manera prominente en la mayoría de las religiones y de igual modo la mayoría de las mitologías está relacionada con al menos una religión.
El término se suele usar en este sentido para referirse a las religiones fundadas por sociedades antiguas, como la mitología griega, la mitología romana y la mitología escandinava. Sin embargo, es importante recordar que, mientras algunas personas ven los panteones escandinavos y celtas como meras fábulas, otros las consideran religiones.
Generalmente mucha gente no considera los relatos que rodean al origen y desarrollo de religiones como el cristianismo, judaísmo e islamismo como crónicas literales de eventos, sino más bien como representaciones figurativas de sus sistemas de valores.
Internet: <es.wikipedia.org> (con adaptaciones).
Según el texto, juzgue lo ítem siguiente.
Todo mito ilustra una fuerza natural o algo sagrado.
Provas
Text for item.
Myths and legends
The concept of myths and legends is not very clear to many people. A myth may refer to:
• a sacred story concerning the origins of the world or how the world and the creatures in it came to have their present form. The active beings in myths are generally gods and heroes. Myths often are said to take place before recorded history begins. In saying that a myth is a sacred narrative, what is meant is that a myth is believed to be true by people who attach religious or spiritual significance to it. Use of the term by scholars does not imply that the narrative 1 is either true or false;
• something that is widely believed but false. This popular use, which is often pejorative, arose from labeling the religious stories and beliefs of other cultures as being incorrect, but it has spread to cover non-religious beliefs as well. Because of this usage, many people take offense when the religious narratives they believe to be true are called myths.
A legend, on the other hand, is a narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to take place within human history and to possess certain qualities that give the tale the appearance of being real. A legend, for its active and passive participants, includes only happenings that are within the limits of possibility, defined by a highly flexible set of parameters, which may include miracles that are perceived as actually having happened, within the specific tradition of indoctrination where the legend arises, and within which it may be transformed over time, in order to keep it fresh and vital, and realistic.
In conclusion, a legend is a story which is told as if it were a historical event, rather than as an explanation for something or a symbolic narrative. Thus, examples of legends are the stories about Robin Hood, which are set in a definite period, the reign of Richard I of England (1189-99), or about King Arthur.
1scholars – people who study a particular subject and know a lot about it, especially a subject that is not scientific.
Internet: <en.wikipedia.org> (adapted).
According to the text above,
a difference between a myth and a legend is that legends describe only real facts.
Provas
Texte pour le item
Mythologie
La mythologie est le corpus des mythes révélant le système de pensée sous-tendant une religion et la civilisation qui la porte. Ces mythes s’expriment dans un groupe cohérent de récits également nommé “mythologie”.
La mythologie prend sens et activité dans une culture socio-religieuse. Le mot est généralement utilisé pour décrire les systèmes religieux des mondes anciens ou des civilisations premières, séparées dans l’espace ou dans le temps. En effet, tout comme les religions exotiques, nombre de religions antiques et ancestrales ne sont connues de la majorité des gens qu’à travers les récits mythiques qu’elles ont laissés.
Il est plus difficile de parler de mythologie à propos des religions contemporaines, terme que les croyants sont tout disposés à prendre pour une offense envers leur foi, une attaque contre leurs croyances1 ou au minimum, une manifestation d’intolérance. Les dieux des voies monothéistes sont pensés comme étant le seul et unique Dieu, et de ce fait, comme la seule instance possible de ce concept. Le croyant monothéiste est donc facilement amené à penser que son dieu est le vrai tandis que celui des autres serait faux, ce qui pose donc le problème de la vérité et non le problème de la mythologie.
1croyance – confession, dogme, conviction, foi.
Internet: <wikipedia.org> (adapté).
En considérant le idée du texte, juge le proposition suivantes.
Beaucoup de religions des mondes anciens ont laissé des récits mythiques.
Provas
Disciplina: Espanhol (Língua Espanhola)
Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE
Orgão: UnB
Texto para lo ítem.
Mitología
Los mitos son relatos basados en la tradición de leyendas creadas para explicar el universo, el origen delmundo, los fenómenos naturales y cualquier cosa para la que no haya una explicación simple. Sin embargo, no todos los mitos tienen por qué tener este propósito explicativo. Igualmente, en su mayoría, los mitos están relacionados con una fuerza natural o deidad, pero muchos son simplemente historias y leyendas que se han ido transmitiendo oralmente de generación en generación.
La mitología aparece de manera prominente en la mayoría de las religiones y de igual modo la mayoría de las mitologías está relacionada con al menos una religión.
El término se suele usar en este sentido para referirse a las religiones fundadas por sociedades antiguas, como la mitología griega, la mitología romana y la mitología escandinava. Sin embargo, es importante recordar que, mientras algunas personas ven los panteones escandinavos y celtas como meras fábulas, otros las consideran religiones.
Generalmente mucha gente no considera los relatos que rodean al origen y desarrollo de religiones como el cristianismo, judaísmo e islamismo como crónicas literales de eventos, sino más bien como representaciones figurativas de sus sistemas de valores.
Internet: <es.wikipedia.org> (con adaptaciones).
Según el texto, juzgue lo ítem siguiente.
El origen de muchos mitos está relacionado con aquellos eventos de la naturaleza que eran difíciles de explicar.
Provas
Texte pour le item
Mythologie
La mythologie est le corpus des mythes révélant le système de pensée sous-tendant une religion et la civilisation qui la porte. Ces mythes s’expriment dans un groupe cohérent de récits également nommé “mythologie”.
La mythologie prend sens et activité dans une culture socio-religieuse. Le mot est généralement utilisé pour décrire les systèmes religieux des mondes anciens ou des civilisations premières, séparées dans l’espace ou dans le temps. En effet, tout comme les religions exotiques, nombre de religions antiques et ancestrales ne sont connues de la majorité des gens qu’à travers les récits mythiques qu’elles ont laissés.
Il est plus difficile de parler de mythologie à propos des religions contemporaines, terme que les croyants sont tout disposés à prendre pour une offense envers leur foi, une attaque contre leurs croyances1 ou au minimum, une manifestation d’intolérance. Les dieux des voies monothéistes sont pensés comme étant le seul et unique Dieu, et de ce fait, comme la seule instance possible de ce concept. Le croyant monothéiste est donc facilement amené à penser que son dieu est le vrai tandis que celui des autres serait faux, ce qui pose donc le problème de la vérité et non le problème de la mythologie.
1croyance – confession, dogme, conviction, foi.
Internet: <wikipedia.org> (adapté).
En considérant le idée du texte, juge le proposition suivantes.
Il est correct d’affirmer que la mythologie est intimement liée à la religion et à la civilisation d’un peuple.
Provas
Text for item.
Myths and legends
The concept of myths and legends is not very clear to many people. A myth may refer to:
• a sacred story concerning the origins of the world or how the world and the creatures in it came to have their present form. The active beings in myths are generally gods and heroes. Myths often are said to take place before recorded history begins. In saying that a myth is a sacred narrative, what is meant is that a myth is believed to be true by people who attach religious or spiritual significance to it. Use of the term by scholars does not imply that the narrative 1 is either true or false;
• something that is widely believed but false. This popular use, which is often pejorative, arose from labeling the religious stories and beliefs of other cultures as being incorrect, but it has spread to cover non-religious beliefs as well. Because of this usage, many people take offense when the religious narratives they believe to be true are called myths.
A legend, on the other hand, is a narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to take place within human history and to possess certain qualities that give the tale the appearance of being real. A legend, for its active and passive participants, includes only happenings that are within the limits of possibility, defined by a highly flexible set of parameters, which may include miracles that are perceived as actually having happened, within the specific tradition of indoctrination where the legend arises, and within which it may be transformed over time, in order to keep it fresh and vital, and realistic.
In conclusion, a legend is a story which is told as if it were a historical event, rather than as an explanation for something or a symbolic narrative. Thus, examples of legends are the stories about Robin Hood, which are set in a definite period, the reign of Richard I of England (1189-99), or about King Arthur.
1scholars – people who study a particular subject and know a lot about it, especially a subject that is not scientific.
Internet: <en.wikipedia.org> (adapted).
According to the text above,
legends may change over time.
Provas
Text for item.
Myths and legends
The concept of myths and legends is not very clear to many people. A myth may refer to:
• a sacred story concerning the origins of the world or how the world and the creatures in it came to have their present form. The active beings in myths are generally gods and heroes. Myths often are said to take place before recorded history begins. In saying that a myth is a sacred narrative, what is meant is that a myth is believed to be true by people who attach religious or spiritual significance to it. Use of the term by scholars does not imply that the narrative 1 is either true or false;
• something that is widely believed but false. This popular use, which is often pejorative, arose from labeling the religious stories and beliefs of other cultures as being incorrect, but it has spread to cover non-religious beliefs as well. Because of this usage, many people take offense when the religious narratives they believe to be true are called myths.
A legend, on the other hand, is a narrative of human actions that are perceived both by teller and listeners to take place within human history and to possess certain qualities that give the tale the appearance of being real. A legend, for its active and passive participants, includes only happenings that are within the limits of possibility, defined by a highly flexible set of parameters, which may include miracles that are perceived as actually having happened, within the specific tradition of indoctrination where the legend arises, and within which it may be transformed over time, in order to keep it fresh and vital, and realistic.
In conclusion, a legend is a story which is told as if it were a historical event, rather than as an explanation for something or a symbolic narrative. Thus, examples of legends are the stories about Robin Hood, which are set in a definite period, the reign of Richard I of England (1189-99), or about King Arthur.
1scholars – people who study a particular subject and know a lot about it, especially a subject that is not scientific.
Internet: <en.wikipedia.org> (adapted).
According to the text above,
stories about miracles cannot be called legends.
Provas
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