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Can childhood survive the smartphone?

Enunciado 4494236-1


Below is an excerpt from a conversation between the reporter Katty Kay and Jonathan Haidt who, with his book The Anxious Generation, sparked a global reckoning about mobile phone usage among children when it came out last year.

Katty Kay: It’s been a year since your book came out and caused a huge conversation. I wanted to start by getting a kind of report card of where we are on the various aspects of what you put forward: phones in school, age gating, social media, getting kids to have more free playtime. Who’s doing well and who isn’t in America on all of those issues?

Jonathan Haidt: I knew that the book was going to be popular. What I wasn’t prepared for is that this issue would spread like wildfire around the world, not just in the US. Because around the world, family life has turned into a fight over screen time. Everyone hates it. Everyone sees it.

Where it took off most quickly was phone-free schools, because that is something that is more easily done. It’s so hard to teach to a classroom when half of them are watching short videos and playing video games. So, the teachers have hated the phones from the beginning but they were afraid, especially in America – maybe it’s the same in other countries – but in America, there are a lot of parents who want to be able to communicate all the time with their child, and they think they have a right to check in on their child. And, ‘What if something goes wrong? I need to be there.’ So, the overparenting — ...

KK: That’s a paradox, then, because you’ve got the parents who are super worried about the phones; they see what phones are doing to their kids. But they also don’t want their kids to relinquish their phones when they go into school.

JH: Hey, look, people are complicated! They contain multitudes. And I shouldn’t say that everyone saw the problem, because there were a lot of parents who saw the phone as a lifeline. They see the world as very threatening and dangerous. But we have to focus on what it will take to allow kids to have healthy brain development through puberty. We’ve got to give kids a lot less screen time. A lot less fragmenting time. No TikTok. No short videos. Let’s give them a lot more experience interacting with people.
(Katty Kay. www.bbc.com, 10.04.2025. Adaptado)
The sentence which starts the dialogue between interviewer and interviewee “It’s been a year since your book came out and caused a huge conversation” has a verb in the present perfect tense. Another correct use of the present perfect is found in alternative:
 

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Can childhood survive the smartphone?

Enunciado 4494235-1


Below is an excerpt from a conversation between the reporter Katty Kay and Jonathan Haidt who, with his book The Anxious Generation, sparked a global reckoning about mobile phone usage among children when it came out last year.

Katty Kay: It’s been a year since your book came out and caused a huge conversation. I wanted to start by getting a kind of report card of where we are on the various aspects of what you put forward: phones in school, age gating, social media, getting kids to have more free playtime. Who’s doing well and who isn’t in America on all of those issues?

Jonathan Haidt: I knew that the book was going to be popular. What I wasn’t prepared for is that this issue would spread like wildfire around the world, not just in the US. Because around the world, family life has turned into a fight over screen time. Everyone hates it. Everyone sees it.

Where it took off most quickly was phone-free schools, because that is something that is more easily done. It’s so hard to teach to a classroom when half of them are watching short videos and playing video games. So, the teachers have hated the phones from the beginning but they were afraid, especially in America – maybe it’s the same in other countries – but in America, there are a lot of parents who want to be able to communicate all the time with their child, and they think they have a right to check in on their child. And, ‘What if something goes wrong? I need to be there.’ So, the overparenting — ...

KK: That’s a paradox, then, because you’ve got the parents who are super worried about the phones; they see what phones are doing to their kids. But they also don’t want their kids to relinquish their phones when they go into school.

JH: Hey, look, people are complicated! They contain multitudes. And I shouldn’t say that everyone saw the problem, because there were a lot of parents who saw the phone as a lifeline. They see the world as very threatening and dangerous. But we have to focus on what it will take to allow kids to have healthy brain development through puberty. We’ve got to give kids a lot less screen time. A lot less fragmenting time. No TikTok. No short videos. Let’s give them a lot more experience interacting with people.
(Katty Kay. www.bbc.com, 10.04.2025. Adaptado)
According to the author of The Anxious Generation, one main difficulty in banning child smartphone use from American schools is
 

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Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Read the text and the dialogue which follows it.

“No mundo real, raramente as perguntas se referem a um único tipo de conteúdo. Para preparar os alunos para isso, tente avançar a partir de uma resposta certa, pedindo que integrem a ela conhecimentos aprendidos anteriormente.”

(Doug Lemov. Aula Nota 10 3.0, 2022. Adaptado)

Teacher: Who would like to use the verb “cook” in a sentence?”
Student: I like to cook. Teacher: Good! Who would add an indirect object to the sentence?
Student: I like to cook to my family.
Teacher: Could you use a compound indirect object?
Student: I like to cook to my family and friends.
Teacher: When do you cook to them? Add a time adverb to your sentence.
Student: I like to cook to my family and friends on weekends.

The interventions by the teacher recover the students’ knowledge about
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Consider these anecdotes:
1. An ESL teacher instructs a group of 7 children every day for 45 minutes. They sing “I’m a Little Teapot” over and over again. Standing, they make gestures to show the tea pouring out. “I’m a little teapot, short and stout, here is my handle, here is my spout. When I get it all steamed up, hear me shout, just tip me over and pour me out”. And then the group starts again…
2. In visiting a class of a successful ESL teacher, you are struck that each activity lasts no more than ten minutes, that children are usually in movement - making something, holding something, moving their hands and walking somewhere.
There are few major contrasts that we can make between child and adult ESL learners. Children are more likely to play with language than adults are. In general, children are more holistic learners who need to use language for authentic communication in ESL classes.
In a children’s class, activities need to be child centered and communication should be authentic. Several themes repeatedly come up:
• Focus on meaning, not correctness.
• Focus on the value of the activity, not the value of language.
• Focus on collaboration and social development.
• Provide a rich context, including movement, the senses, objects and pictures, and a variety of activities.
• Teach ESL holistically, integrating the four skills.
• Treat learners appropriately in the light of their age and interests. • Treat language as a tool for children to use for their own social and academic ends.
(S. Peck. Developing Children´s Listening and Speaking. IN: Marianne
Cerce-Murcia(ed). Teaching English as a second or foreign language.
Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle. 2nd edition. 2001. Adaptado)
Items 1 and 2 in the excerpt represent
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
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Consider these anecdotes:
1. An ESL teacher instructs a group of 7 children every day for 45 minutes. They sing “I’m a Little Teapot” over and over again. Standing, they make gestures to show the tea pouring out. “I’m a little teapot, short and stout, here is my handle, here is my spout. When I get it all steamed up, hear me shout, just tip me over and pour me out”. And then the group starts again…
2. In visiting a class of a successful ESL teacher, you are struck that each activity lasts no more than ten minutes, that children are usually in movement - making something, holding something, moving their hands and walking somewhere.
There are few major contrasts that we can make between child and adult ESL learners. Children are more likely to play with language than adults are. In general, children are more holistic learners who need to use language for authentic communication in ESL classes.
In a children’s class, activities need to be child centered and communication should be authentic. Several themes repeatedly come up:
• Focus on meaning, not correctness.
• Focus on the value of the activity, not the value of language.
• Focus on collaboration and social development.
• Provide a rich context, including movement, the senses, objects and pictures, and a variety of activities.
• Teach ESL holistically, integrating the four skills.
• Treat learners appropriately in the light of their age and interests. • Treat language as a tool for children to use for their own social and academic ends.
(S. Peck. Developing Children´s Listening and Speaking. IN: Marianne
Cerce-Murcia(ed). Teaching English as a second or foreign language.
Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle. 2nd edition. 2001. Adaptado)
The word “anecdotes”, in the first paragraph, means the same as
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
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One of the major foci of applied linguistics scholarship has been the foreign or second language classroom. A glance through the past century or so of language teaching gives us an interesting picture of varied interpretations of the best way to teach a foreign language. As schools of thought have come and gone, so have language teaching trends waxed and waned in popularity.
Albert Marckwardt (1972) saw these “changing winds and shifting sands” as a cyclical pattern where a new paradigm of teaching methodology emerged about every quarter of a century, with each new method breaking from the old but at the same time taking with it some of the positive aspects of the previous paradigm. One of the best examples of the cyclical nature of methods is seen in the revolutionary Audiolingual Method (ALM) of the late 1940s and 1950s. The ALM borrowed principles and beliefs from its predecessor by almost half a century, the Direct Method, while breaking away entirely from the Grammar-Translation paradigm. Within a short time, however, ALM critics were advocating more attention to rules of language which, to some, smacked a return to Grammar Translation.
(BROWN, H.Douglas. Principles of language learning and teaching.
5th ed. Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
No trecho do segundo parágrafo “Albert Marckwardt (1972) saw these “changing winds and shifting sands” as a cyclical pattern where a new paradigm of teaching methodology emerged”, a palavra destacada em negrito pode ser corretamente substituída por
 

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Questão presente nas seguintes provas
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One of the major foci of applied linguistics scholarship has been the foreign or second language classroom. A glance through the past century or so of language teaching gives us an interesting picture of varied interpretations of the best way to teach a foreign language. As schools of thought have come and gone, so have language teaching trends waxed and waned in popularity.
Albert Marckwardt (1972) saw these “changing winds and shifting sands” as a cyclical pattern where a new paradigm of teaching methodology emerged about every quarter of a century, with each new method breaking from the old but at the same time taking with it some of the positive aspects of the previous paradigm. One of the best examples of the cyclical nature of methods is seen in the revolutionary Audiolingual Method (ALM) of the late 1940s and 1950s. The ALM borrowed principles and beliefs from its predecessor by almost half a century, the Direct Method, while breaking away entirely from the Grammar-Translation paradigm. Within a short time, however, ALM critics were advocating more attention to rules of language which, to some, smacked a return to Grammar Translation.
(BROWN, H.Douglas. Principles of language learning and teaching.
5th ed. Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
É proposta de sala de aula condizente com o ensino comunicativo de línguas:
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
One of the major foci of applied linguistics scholarship has been the foreign or second language classroom. A glance through the past century or so of language teaching gives us an interesting picture of varied interpretations of the best way to teach a foreign language. As schools of thought have come and gone, so have language teaching trends waxed and waned in popularity.
Albert Marckwardt (1972) saw these “changing winds and shifting sands” as a cyclical pattern where a new paradigm of teaching methodology emerged about every quarter of a century, with each new method breaking from the old but at the same time taking with it some of the positive aspects of the previous paradigm. One of the best examples of the cyclical nature of methods is seen in the revolutionary Audiolingual Method (ALM) of the late 1940s and 1950s. The ALM borrowed principles and beliefs from its predecessor by almost half a century, the Direct Method, while breaking away entirely from the Grammar-Translation paradigm. Within a short time, however, ALM critics were advocating more attention to rules of language which, to some, smacked a return to Grammar Translation.
(BROWN, H.Douglas. Principles of language learning and teaching.
5th ed. Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
In the second half of the XX century, it was the Communicative Approach which would break from the principles of their antecessors, the Audiolingual Method and the Grammar-Translation paradigm. It is correct to say that, in Communicative Language Teaching,
 

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Questão presente nas seguintes provas
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One of the major foci of applied linguistics scholarship has been the foreign or second language classroom. A glance through the past century or so of language teaching gives us an interesting picture of varied interpretations of the best way to teach a foreign language. As schools of thought have come and gone, so have language teaching trends waxed and waned in popularity.
Albert Marckwardt (1972) saw these “changing winds and shifting sands” as a cyclical pattern where a new paradigm of teaching methodology emerged about every quarter of a century, with each new method breaking from the old but at the same time taking with it some of the positive aspects of the previous paradigm. One of the best examples of the cyclical nature of methods is seen in the revolutionary Audiolingual Method (ALM) of the late 1940s and 1950s. The ALM borrowed principles and beliefs from its predecessor by almost half a century, the Direct Method, while breaking away entirely from the Grammar-Translation paradigm. Within a short time, however, ALM critics were advocating more attention to rules of language which, to some, smacked a return to Grammar Translation.
(BROWN, H.Douglas. Principles of language learning and teaching.
5th ed. Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
From Brown’s excerpt it is possible to state that the Audiolingual Method
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
One of the major foci of applied linguistics scholarship has been the foreign or second language classroom. A glance through the past century or so of language teaching gives us an interesting picture of varied interpretations of the best way to teach a foreign language. As schools of thought have come and gone, so have language teaching trends waxed and waned in popularity.
Albert Marckwardt (1972) saw these “changing winds and shifting sands” as a cyclical pattern where a new paradigm of teaching methodology emerged about every quarter of a century, with each new method breaking from the old but at the same time taking with it some of the positive aspects of the previous paradigm. One of the best examples of the cyclical nature of methods is seen in the revolutionary Audiolingual Method (ALM) of the late 1940s and 1950s. The ALM borrowed principles and beliefs from its predecessor by almost half a century, the Direct Method, while breaking away entirely from the Grammar-Translation paradigm. Within a short time, however, ALM critics were advocating more attention to rules of language which, to some, smacked a return to Grammar Translation.
(BROWN, H.Douglas. Principles of language learning and teaching.
5th ed. Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
Read the statement from the first paragraph “A glance through the past century or so of language teaching gives us an interesting picture of varied interpretations of the best way to teach a foreign language”. The cartoon below represents the best way to teach a language according to

Enunciado 4493409-1
 

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Questão presente nas seguintes provas