Read the text to answer 36.

Communicative competence and the native-speaker model

Whatever the original characteristics of the concept of communicative competence – Hymes emphasised the heterogeneousness of linguistic communities and individual competences –, it has developed, as far as language teaching is concerned, within a model of an ideal native communicator: the characteristics of communicative competence, seen as distinct from a strictly linguistic competence, are the sociolinguistic and pragmatic abilities, knowledge and aptitudes of speakers who are implicitly assumed to be monolingual native speakers, or who are at least regarded as functioning in endolingual communicative situations (i.e. communication involving persons deemed to have a mastered, homogenous knowledge of the entire resources of the medium used, namely their first language). The goals of learning a foreign language, including the various threshold levels, fall short of this native speaker competence; furthermore, the learner is not explicitly taken into account as a plurilingual subject able, for example, to call on the resources of his mother tongue(s) or of another foreign language of which he already has some knowledge.

(Available on: https://rm.coe.int/168069d29b. Adapted.)

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Taking into account text clues, the item displaying suitable information is:

Read the text carefully to answer 45.

Language assessment has undergone two broad paradigms. Assessment of learning, also known as traditional assessment, refers to practices that involve the use of assessment for administrative purposes (assigning grades, selection, decisions) and looks into what learners can do at the end of the teaching and learning process to rank their achievement levels against a standard. Assessment for learning, also known as authentic assessment, embeds assessment processes throughout the teaching and learning process to constantly adjust teaching and inform learners of how they may improve. In real life, teachers employ both assessment paradigms and regard them as opportunities to gather insights into learner abilities. Regardless of the assessment paradigm, teachers have to design assessment instruments that provide them with the information they need to gain about the students they work with. In designing those instruments, whether for traditional or authentic assessment, teachers should follow a series of principles to create “appropriate assessment” (MCCRAY; BRUNFAUT, 2016). Brown (2004) stated that these principles need to be applied to all kinds of assessment from tests and quizzes (traditional assessment), to oral presentations and debates (authentic assessment). In fact, it is required that all teachers, regardless of the discipline, should be able to balance these principles in any assessment they design. These five assessment principles are key to assess learners fairly and effectively: Authenticity, Fairness, Practicality, Reliability, and Validity (QIAOCHAN, 2018; TOFFOLI et al., 2016).

(Available on: https://www.scielo.br. Adapted.)

Regarding the essential aspects that identify the quoted assessment principles, there is incompatible information in the

Carry out the analysis of the sentences below and indicate the assertion which describes their shared characteristic.

a) It is essential that he listen to his parents’ advise.

b) Since she was exhausted, the doctor insisted that she rest more.

c) I only ask that he cease behaving in this extraordinary manner.

d) If I were you, I would take that job because it pays better than average.

e) It is important that he be present at the meeting.

f) They gave the tip that our cousin come and explain everything.

g) She advised that I not take the Interstate 59 because of the traffic jam.

h) The company urged that employees not answer personal calls at work.

Analyse the image to answer 43.

(Available on: https://br.pinterest.com.)

The “Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais – PCNs” propose the development of skills related to representation and communication to modern foreign language studies. In the analysed image, the featured skill is:

The discussions concerning the ideal method to teach languages has given rise to deeper research regarding the concept of method. Kumaravadivelu (1994, 2001, 2006) proposed as a starting point the publications of Prabhu (1990), in order to guide language teaching understanding. The Postmethod condition, as he titled it, is based on three parameters, namely:

Point out the sentence that matches nonverbal information provided by the image below.

(Available on: https://www.freepik.com.)

Segundo o texto, em relação à imagem de La Malinche como traidora do povo Asteca, a pesquisadora Cordelia Candelaria argumenta que a intérprete

Considerado o contexto, o termo “far”, na expressão “far less” (2º parágrafo), expressa

Conforme o texto, um dos motivos para a disparidade relativa à prática de atividades físicas por alunos, segundo o nível de renda, reside

TEXTO PARA QUESTÃO.

Disponível em https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/.

Considerado o contexto, a expressão “be worth” tem sentido de