O desempenho da economia brasileira nos anos 1970 foi condicionado em grande parte pelo II Plano Nacional de Desenvolvimento (II PND), o mais importante e concentrado esforço do Estado desde o Plano de Metas no sentido de promover modificações estruturais na economia. Sobre o II PND, é correto afirmar que:

Item 0 - Teve por objetivo substituir as importações no setor de bens de consumo de luxo.

Assinale C (certo) ou E (errado):

Item 2 - !$ \lim_{x \rightarrow 0}{ \large x^2 \over e^{2x} - 2x - 1} = 1 !$.

Considere os jogos na forma extensiva apresentados a seguir.

Item 2 - Ambos os jogos possuem a mesma forma reduzida e, portanto, as mesmas soluções.

Em 1973, os preços do petróleo quadruplicaram, dando início a uma desaceleração do crescimento mundial, acentuado por políticas de ajuste de cunho recessivo em vários países. Em virtude da forte dependência brasileira do petróleo importado, o choque do petróleo provocou forte desequilíbrio nas contas externas do Brasil e inviabilizou a expansão econômica nos moldes da observada no período do 'milagre'. A resposta do País a esse estado de coisas foi:

Item 4 - Evitar o ajuste contracionista e promover a diversificação da estrutura produtiva. Como resultado, o País conseguiu manter taxas de crescimento apreciáveis mesmo em um cenário de recessão nos países industrializados.

Em relação aos modelos de Séries de Tempo pode-se afirmar:

Item 2 - Se um processo estocástico possui uma tendência determinística, !$ y_t = \beta_1 + \beta_2 t + u_t !$, então este é dito não-estacionário e sua não-estacionariedade pode ser detectada por um teste para raiz unitária.

Julgue a afirmativa abaixo.

Item 3 - Com relação à teoria dos jogos, pode-se dizer que o dilema dos prisioneiros ocorre quando o equilíbrio de Nash não é um equilíbrio em estratégias dominantes.

Com respeito à Teoria da Demanda, julgue o seguinte item:

Item 2 - A variação do excedente do consumidor decorrente de uma variação no preço de um bem pode ser interpretada como a variação na utilidade do consumidor decorrente dessa mesma variação no preço do bem.

BASED ON YOUR INTERPRETATION OF THE TEXT THAT FOLLOWS, DETERMINE IF EVERY STATEMENT IS RIGHT OR WRONG.

SECOND TEXT

Sir, - Allow a working man to thank you for your able article on “strikes” in The Times of yesterday, and to avoid waste of your valuable space, I will proceed at once to give you a case in point.

I was three months ago at work for a good master in a good shop, one among 200, and quite content, as was the majority, with the remuneration received – viz., 5s per day. About this time trade meetings were convened to discuss the propriety of demanding an advance of 10 per cent, or 5s. 6d. per day, and a few of our men attended. A deputation was appointed and awaited on our employer, with an intimation that, unless their demand was complied with, a “strike” would be the result. The master plainly stated that, having contracts on hand to a very great amount, the completion of which in a few months was insured by heavy penalties, he could not, without great pecuniary loss, - indeed, not without risk of failure, - at once grant their request, but that, if his men would remain at their work on the then terms, he would endeavor to make such arrangements as would enable him to meet their demand when a portion of his present contracts were worked out, - say, in five or six month; but, no; the deputation were not inclined to entertain anything so reasonable as this. Other meetings were called, at which some half-dozen “speakers” and “grand movers” used all their eloquence to prove employers tyrants and workmen slaves. The result was a “turn-out”; the great majority going out because they were afraid to be marked men, and because they had no confidence in each other, although they were convinced they were thereby doing their employer an injustice and running a risk of gaining a questionable advantage for themselves. After remaining idle some time the contracts pressed so much that our employer was compelled to succumb, and we all returned with the advance demanded. But mark the sequel. I and a great many others were in a short time discharged, and arrangements were made to extend the time for several large contracts, thereby dispensing with our services. Another result is, that the high rate of wages in town has drawn so many hands from the country, although there was no lack of workmen before the advance, that I have not been able since to procure a job at the new rate of wages; and, Sir, my case is the case of hundreds besides. To keep myself from starving, I offered to work in a large shop at the old rate of 5s., but as soon as this became known I was literally hunted out of the shop, and I am now, no doubt, what is so much dreaded by all my class – a marked man.

I am not allowed to work for what my own conviction tells me is a fair remuneration, and cannot procure employment at the advanced rate, as no master is inclined to set on more workmen, under present circumstances, than will just complete what he is compelled by heavy penalties to finish in a given time. Thus, Sir, you see that numbers may remain out of employment- a burden to themselves and to society – that those who are so lucky as to be retained may exult in having obtained a trifling advantage, which they are all along afraid (and nor without reason) of losing every day. At the same time it is certain that had the “supply and demand” been duly considered, a strike or a rise would not have taken place, to throw us into this uncomfortable and ruinous state of affairs.

Your willingness to give ear to a poor man’s grievances, and my cause to complain, must be my apology for troubling you with so long a letter.

I am, Sir, your obedient servant,

A Sufferer.

An Ostracized Workman to the Editor of the Times (Letter to The Times, October 10, 1853). Published in:

Charles Dickens, Hard Times. W.W. Norton & Co, 1990: 281-282.

According to the text:

Item 2 - The workers were adamant at their demand for a wage hike.

No começo da década de 1980, estava claro que o Brasil enfrentava a fase aguda de uma crise de dívida externa, acompanhada de forte aceleração da inflação. Acabou, assim, sendo inevitável a implementação de políticas recessivas. É correto dizer que:

Item 1 - A despeito da crise do setor externo que se avolumava, em 1979-80 o governo adotou uma política expansionista, acompanhada de programa de estabilização inconsistente.

Considere um modelo de alocação de tempo e oferta de trabalho, em que o gasto com consumo não pode exceder a renda disponível:

!$ PC ≤ I + w (24 - la) !$,

No qual: P = índice de preço para os bens de consumo,
C= bens de consumo adquiridos,

I = renda obtida sem trabalhar,

la = horas de lazer,

w = salário e

L = 24 - la = horas de trabalho.

Considere que o trabalhador deseja maximizar sua utilidade, U=U(la,C), em que o eixo x é representado pela variável horas de lazer (la) e o eixo y é representado pela variável consumo (C).

Item 3 - As horas de lazer sempre aumentam quando o salário se eleva.