Text.

It's cold and early and Detlef Fendt repeats a morning ritual, heaving himself onto the side of his 28- year-old BMW motorbike and jumping with all his might on the kick-start. It takes a few goes, but eventually the bike roars into life. After all, this is the sort of solid reliable machine that makes German goods a household name for quality. It's that good name that means Germany is the world's top exporter. China may take the title soon, but for the moment Germany is still a world-beater.

Detlef is part of that success story. For the last years he's made machine tools for Daimler cars at the Berlin plant. He started work when he was 16 and is now the plant's main union representative for IG Metall. But this year, thanks to the world credit crunch, he'll be getting an unwanted seasonal break from his early morning ritual. The plant is closing down for an extra-long Christmas break, from mid-December to mid-January, because of falling orders.

He tells me: "At the moment we are in a distribution crisis — the automobile industry is not selling enough cars and lorries”.

Consumer confidence was dented in Germany long before the credit crunch, and despite his union's recent deal it is not returning.

Germany is now in recession and the figures have been worse than economists were predicting. Equally bad statistics for the whole of the European Union are expected today. While consumers in America feel cowed, while Asia is jittery, the rest of Europe watches fearfully as the biggest economy in Europe continues to shrink.

Mark Mardell. Germany loses revs. BBC World News. At: <www.bbc.co.uk> (adapted).

Based on the text, judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following item.

IG Metall is a subsidiary of BMW.

Text.

It's cold and early and Detlef Fendt repeats a morning ritual, heaving himself onto the side of his 28- year-old BMW motorbike and jumping with all his might on the kick-start. It takes a few goes, but eventually the bike roars into life. After all, this is the sort of solid reliable machine that makes German goods a household name for quality. It's that good name that means Germany is the world's top exporter. China may take the title soon, but for the moment Germany is still a world-beater.

Detlef is part of that success story. For the last years he's made machine tools for Daimler cars at the Berlin plant. He started work when he was 16 and is now the plant's main union representative for IG Metall. But this year, thanks to the world credit crunch, he'll be getting an unwanted seasonal break from his early morning ritual. The plant is closing down for an extra-long Christmas break, from mid-December to mid-January, because of falling orders.

He tells me: "At the moment we are in a distribution crisis — the automobile industry is not selling enough cars and lorries”.

Consumer confidence was dented in Germany long before the credit crunch, and despite his union's recent deal it is not returning.

Germany is now in recession and the figures have been worse than economists were predicting. Equally bad statistics for the whole of the European Union are expected today. While consumers in America feel cowed, while Asia is jittery, the rest of Europe watches fearfully as the biggest economy in Europe continues to shrink.

Mark Mardell. Germany loses revs. BBC World News. At: <www.bbc.co.uk> (adapted).

Based on the text, judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following item.

Fendt is being made redundant.

Text.

It's cold and early and Detlef Fendt repeats a morning ritual, heaving himself onto the side of his 28- year-old BMW motorbike and jumping with all his might on the kick-start. It takes a few goes, but eventually the bike roars into life. After all, this is the sort of solid reliable machine that makes German goods a household name for quality. It's that good name that means Germany is the world's top exporter. China may take the title soon, but for the moment Germany is still a world-beater.

Detlef is part of that success story. For the last years he's made machine tools for Daimler cars at the Berlin plant. He started work when he was 16 and is now the plant's main union representative for IG Metall. But this year, thanks to the world credit crunch, he'll be getting an unwanted seasonal break from his early morning ritual. The plant is closing down for an extra-long Christmas break, from mid-December to mid-January, because of falling orders.

He tells me: "At the moment we are in a distribution crisis — the automobile industry is not selling enough cars and lorries”.

Consumer confidence was dented in Germany long before the credit crunch, and despite his union's recent deal it is not returning.

Germany is now in recession and the figures have been worse than economists were predicting. Equally bad statistics for the whole of the European Union are expected today. While consumers in America feel cowed, while Asia is jittery, the rest of Europe watches fearfully as the biggest economy in Europe continues to shrink.

Mark Mardell. Germany loses revs. BBC World News. At: <www.bbc.co.uk> (adapted).

Based on the text, judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following item.

German manufactures are renowned for their quality and durability.

Text.

It's cold and early and Detlef Fendt repeats a morning ritual, heaving himself onto the side of his 28- year-old BMW motorbike and jumping with all his might on the kick-start. It takes a few goes, but eventually the bike roars into life. After all, this is the sort of solid reliable machine that makes German goods a household name for quality. It's that good name that means Germany is the world's top exporter. China may take the title soon, but for the moment Germany is still a world-beater.

Detlef is part of that success story. For the last years he's made machine tools for Daimler cars at the Berlin plant. He started work when he was 16 and is now the plant's main union representative for IG Metall. But this year, thanks to the world credit crunch, he'll be getting an unwanted seasonal break from his early morning ritual. The plant is closing down for an extra-long Christmas break, from mid-December to mid-January, because of falling orders.

He tells me: "At the moment we are in a distribution crisis — the automobile industry is not selling enough cars and lorries”.

Consumer confidence was dented in Germany long before the credit crunch, and despite his union's recent deal it is not returning.

Germany is now in recession and the figures have been worse than economists were predicting. Equally bad statistics for the whole of the European Union are expected today. While consumers in America feel cowed, while Asia is jittery, the rest of Europe watches fearfully as the biggest economy in Europe continues to shrink.

Mark Mardell. Germany loses revs. BBC World News. At: <www.bbc.co.uk> (adapted).

Based on the text, judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following item.

Fendt’s motorbike starts up immediately because it is a reliable machine.

Text.

German scientists have reconstructed an extraordinarily detailed picture of the domestic life of Martin Luther, the 16th-century reformer and father of Protestantism, by trawling through his household waste uncovered during archaeological digs on sites where he used to live.

Despite the widespread belief that Luther lived in poverty, evidence suggests he was a well-fed man — weighing in at a hefty 150 kg when he died in 1546 at the age of 63.

Even Luther's claim that he came from humble circumstances has been dismissed. New evidence has shown that his father owned land and a copper mill besides lending money for interest. His mother meanwhile was born into an upper middle class family and it is unlikely, as Luther suggested, that she "carried all her wood on her back".

Extensive research carried out at the family home in Wittenberg showed that Luther wrote his celebrated texts with goose quills under lamps lit by animal fat, in a heated room which overlooked the River Elbe. It obviously suited him because he churned out 1,800 pages a year. It debunks something of the Luther myth to know he wrote the 95 theses on a stone toilet, which was dug up in 2004.

But the claim by historians which will arguably be most upsetting for followers is the recently uncovered written evidence that it was not, as thought, a lightning bolt which led to the then 21- year-old's spontaneous declaration he wanted to become a monk. Rather, it was his desperation to escape an impending arranged marriage.

Kate Connolly. History digs up the dirt on Martin Luther, In: The Guardian, Monday, 27 Oct./2008. Internet: <www.guardian.co.uk> (adapted).

Based on the text, judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following item.

The reference to a “lightning bolt” was meant to allude to putative divine intervention in Luther’s calling.

Text.

German scientists have reconstructed an extraordinarily detailed picture of the domestic life of Martin Luther, the 16th-century reformer and father of Protestantism, by trawling through his household waste uncovered during archaeological digs on sites where he used to live.

Despite the widespread belief that Luther lived in poverty, evidence suggests he was a well-fed man — weighing in at a hefty 150 kg when he died in 1546 at the age of 63.

Even Luther's claim that he came from humble circumstances has been dismissed. New evidence has shown that his father owned land and a copper mill besides lending money for interest. His mother meanwhile was born into an upper middle class family and it is unlikely, as Luther suggested, that she "carried all her wood on her back".

Extensive research carried out at the family home in Wittenberg showed that Luther wrote his celebrated texts with goose quills under lamps lit by animal fat, in a heated room which overlooked the River Elbe. It obviously suited him because he churned out 1,800 pages a year. It debunks something of the Luther myth to know he wrote the 95 theses on a stone toilet, which was dug up in 2004.

But the claim by historians which will arguably be most upsetting for followers is the recently uncovered written evidence that it was not, as thought, a lightning bolt which led to the then 21- year-old's spontaneous declaration he wanted to become a monk. Rather, it was his desperation to escape an impending arranged marriage.

Kate Connolly. History digs up the dirt on Martin Luther, In: The Guardian, Monday, 27 Oct./2008. Internet: <www.guardian.co.uk> (adapted).

Based on the text, judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following item.

Luther’s father indulged in usury.

Text.

German scientists have reconstructed an extraordinarily detailed picture of the domestic life of Martin Luther, the 16th-century reformer and father of Protestantism, by trawling through his household waste uncovered during archaeological digs on sites where he used to live.

Despite the widespread belief that Luther lived in poverty, evidence suggests he was a well-fed man — weighing in at a hefty 150 kg when he died in 1546 at the age of 63.

Even Luther's claim that he came from humble circumstances has been dismissed. New evidence has shown that his father owned land and a copper mill besides lending money for interest. His mother meanwhile was born into an upper middle class family and it is unlikely, as Luther suggested, that she "carried all her wood on her back".

Extensive research carried out at the family home in Wittenberg showed that Luther wrote his celebrated texts with goose quills under lamps lit by animal fat, in a heated room which overlooked the River Elbe. It obviously suited him because he churned out 1,800 pages a year. It debunks something of the Luther myth to know he wrote the 95 theses on a stone toilet, which was dug up in 2004.

But the claim by historians which will arguably be most upsetting for followers is the recently uncovered written evidence that it was not, as thought, a lightning bolt which led to the then 21- year-old's spontaneous declaration he wanted to become a monk. Rather, it was his desperation to escape an impending arranged marriage.

Kate Connolly. History digs up the dirt on Martin Luther, In: The Guardian, Monday, 27 Oct./2008. Internet: <www.guardian.co.uk> (adapted).

Based on the text, judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following item.

The phrase “churned out 1,800 pages a year” suggests that Luther was a careless writer.

Text.

German scientists have reconstructed an extraordinarily detailed picture of the domestic life of Martin Luther, the 16th-century reformer and father of Protestantism, by trawling through his household waste uncovered during archaeological digs on sites where he used to live.

Despite the widespread belief that Luther lived in poverty, evidence suggests he was a well-fed man — weighing in at a hefty 150 kg when he died in 1546 at the age of 63.

Even Luther's claim that he came from humble circumstances has been dismissed. New evidence has shown that his father owned land and a copper mill besides lending money for interest. His mother meanwhile was born into an upper middle class family and it is unlikely, as Luther suggested, that she "carried all her wood on her back".

Extensive research carried out at the family home in Wittenberg showed that Luther wrote his celebrated texts with goose quills under lamps lit by animal fat, in a heated room which overlooked the River Elbe. It obviously suited him because he churned out 1,800 pages a year. It debunks something of the Luther myth to know he wrote the 95 theses on a stone toilet, which was dug up in 2004.

But the claim by historians which will arguably be most upsetting for followers is the recently uncovered written evidence that it was not, as thought, a lightning bolt which led to the then 21- year-old's spontaneous declaration he wanted to become a monk. Rather, it was his desperation to escape an impending arranged marriage.

Kate Connolly. History digs up the dirt on Martin Luther, In: The Guardian, Monday, 27 Oct./2008. Internet: <www.guardian.co.uk> (adapted).

Based on the text, judge — right (C) or wrong (E) — the following item.

The aim of describing Luther as “weighing in at a hefty 150 kg when he died” is to suggest a humorous comparison with a heavy-weight boxer.

Text.

German scientists have reconstructed an extraordinarily detailed picture of the domestic life of Martin Luther, the 16th-century reformer and father of Protestantism, by trawling through his household waste uncovered during archaeological digs on sites where he used to live.

Despite the widespread belief that Luther lived in poverty, evidence suggests he was a well-fed man — weighing in at a hefty 150 kg when he died in 1546 at the age of 63.

Even Luther's claim that he came from humble circumstances has been dismissed. New evidence has shown that his father owned land and a copper mill besides lending money for interest. His mother meanwhile was born into an upper middle class family and it is unlikely, as Luther suggested, that she "carried all her wood on her back".

Extensive research carried out at the family home in Wittenberg showed that Luther wrote his celebrated texts with goose quills under lamps lit by animal fat, in a heated room which overlooked the River Elbe. It obviously suited him because he churned out 1,800 pages a year. It debunks something of the Luther myth to know he wrote the 95 theses on a stone toilet, which was dug up in 2004.

But the claim by historians which will arguably be most upsetting for followers is the recently uncovered written evidence that it was not, as thought, a lightning bolt which led to the then 21- year-old's spontaneous declaration he wanted to become a monk. Rather, it was his desperation to escape an impending arranged marriage.

Kate Connolly. History digs up the dirt on Martin Luther, In: The Guardian, Monday, 27 Oct./2008. Internet: <www.guardian.co.uk> (adapted).

The word “digs” is

Text.

German scientists have reconstructed an extraordinarily detailed picture of the domestic life of Martin Luther, the 16th-century reformer and father of Protestantism, by trawling through his household waste uncovered during archaeological digs on sites where he used to live.

Despite the widespread belief that Luther lived in poverty, evidence suggests he was a well-fed man — weighing in at a hefty 150 kg when he died in 1546 at the age of 63.

Even Luther's claim that he came from humble circumstances has been dismissed. New evidence has shown that his father owned land and a copper mill besides lending money for interest. His mother meanwhile was born into an upper middle class family and it is unlikely, as Luther suggested, that she "carried all her wood on her back".

Extensive research carried out at the family home in Wittenberg showed that Luther wrote his celebrated texts with goose quills under lamps lit by animal fat, in a heated room which overlooked the River Elbe. It obviously suited him because he churned out 1,800 pages a year. It debunks something of the Luther myth to know he wrote the 95 theses on a stone toilet, which was dug up in 2004.

But the claim by historians which will arguably be most upsetting for followers is the recently uncovered written evidence that it was not, as thought, a lightning bolt which led to the then 21- year-old's spontaneous declaration he wanted to become a monk. Rather, it was his desperation to escape an impending arranged marriage.

Kate Connolly. History digs up the dirt on Martin Luther, In: The Guardian, Monday, 27 Oct./2008. Internet: <www.guardian.co.uk> (adapted).

Indicate which of the following statements is not consistent with information the text provides.