ATENÇÃO

A curva esquemática a seguir apresenta o comportamento histórico da produção de óleo ao longo dos anos de um campo que teve as três fases de produção indicadas no gráfico. Essa curva deverá ser utilizada para responder à questão:

Sabendo que o campo possui um fator de recuperação da FASE I mais a FASE II de 37 %, o valor aproximado incorporado da FASE II é:

ATENÇÃO

A curva esquemática a seguir apresenta o comportamento histórico da produção de óleo ao longo dos anos de um campo que teve as três fases de produção indicadas no gráfico. Essa curva deverá ser utilizada para responder à questão:

Considere comportamento de declínio exponencial e ln0,1 = −2 . O coeficiente de declínio da produção observado na fase II é:

ATENÇÃO

A curva esquemática a seguir apresenta o comportamento histórico da produção de óleo ao longo dos anos de um campo que teve as três fases de produção indicadas no gráfico. Essa curva deverá ser utilizada para responder à questão:

O coeficiente de declínio de produção no período da FASE I, considerando comportamento exponencial e ln0,6 = −0,5, é de:

ATENÇÃO

A curva esquemática a seguir apresenta o comportamento histórico da produção de óleo ao longo dos anos de um campo que teve as três fases de produção indicadas no gráfico. Essa curva deverá ser utilizada para responder à questão:

Suponha vazão de abandono de 0 bpd. O volume recuperável aproximado de óleo associado ao campo apenas com a FASE I, admitindo-se que tivesse apenas essa fase, seria de:

ATENÇÃO

A curva esquemática de fluxo fracionário a seguir deverá ser utilizada para a questão:

Sabe-se que:

A equação da permeabilidade relativa ao óleo (Kro) é

Kro = 2(1-Sor - Sw)²

em que Sor é a saturação de óleo residual (%) e Sw é a saturação de água (%)

A equação da permeabilidade relativa à água (krw) é:
Krw = (Sw - Swi)²

em que Swi é a saturação de água irredutível (%)

A saturação residual de óleo irredutível é de 20%.

A viscosidade, em condições de reservatório, da água e do óleo são respectivamente 0,5 cp e 3 cp, respectivamente.

Se fosse decidido fazer uma injeção de polímeros a viscosidade desse polímero deveria ser:

ATENÇÃO

A curva esquemática de fluxo fracionário a seguir deverá ser utilizada para a questão:

Sabe-se que:

A equação da permeabilidade relativa ao óleo (Kro) é

Kro = 2(1-Sor - Sw)²

em que Sor é a saturação de óleo residual (%) e Sw é a saturação de água (%)

A equação da permeabilidade relativa à água (krw) é:
Krw = (Sw - Swi)²

em que Swi é a saturação de água irredutível (%)

A saturação residual de óleo irredutível é de 20%.

A viscosidade, em condições de reservatório, da água e do óleo são respectivamente 0,5 cp e 3 cp, respectivamente.

O valor da razão de mobilidade é:

ATENÇÃO

A curva esquemática de fluxo fracionário a seguir deverá ser utilizada para a questão:

Sabe-se que:

A equação da permeabilidade relativa ao óleo (Kro) é

Kro = 2(1-Sor - Sw)²

em que Sor é a saturação de óleo residual (%) e Sw é a saturação de água (%)

A equação da permeabilidade relativa à água (krw) é:
Krw = (Sw - Swi)²

em que Swi é a saturação de água irredutível (%)

A saturação residual de óleo irredutível é de 20%.

A viscosidade, em condições de reservatório, da água e do óleo são respectivamente 0,5 cp e 3 cp, respectivamente.

O valor da saturação de óleo na zona lavada e a saturação de óleo na frente de avanço são respectivamente:

TEXT III

How energy companies can adjust their business models to a period of recovery

The character of Chuck Noland, played by Tom Hanks, says near the end of the film Cast Away, “...because tomorrow the sun will rise. Who knows what the tide could bring?” He makes this observation after having survived on a desert island for four years before being rescued and returned to civilization. If you’re a top executive in an oil and gas company, more than likely you’re feeling the same way right about now — optimistic but extremely cautious.

Much of the oil and gas industry has survived an especially tough few years with weak demand and low prices. It has been difficult to make strategic decisions and plan for the future. Only now is the sector beginning to emerge from its upheaval. If there is hope on the horizon, we must, like Noland in Cast Away, remain mindful of the risk. […]

So if you are an oil and gas executive peering out over 2017 and beyond, you will face structural and cultural issues internally; many companies do not have the talent, organizational framework, systems, processes, or attitudes to be sufficiently flexible and innovative in an evolving and uncertain marketplace. You should be prepared to pursue new drilling and extraction technologies and to increase your research into sustainability and clean energy. To start planning for the future, oil and gas leaders in all segments might consider some fundamental questions: Do I have the right business models in place? How can my company develop new capabilities and in what areas? How should asset portfolios evolve? What type of technology plays should I invest in?

As companies address these challenges, we see a number of business models and strategic responses emerging between now and 2020.

(From https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/trend/2017-oil-and-gas-trends. Accessed July 19th, 2017)

The word “likely” in “more than likely you’re feeling” indicates:

TEXT III

How energy companies can adjust their business models to a period of recovery

The character of Chuck Noland, played by Tom Hanks, says near the end of the film Cast Away, “...because tomorrow the sun will rise. Who knows what the tide could bring?” He makes this observation after having survived on a desert island for four years before being rescued and returned to civilization. If you’re a top executive in an oil and gas company, more than likely you’re feeling the same way right about now — optimistic but extremely cautious.

Much of the oil and gas industry has survived an especially tough few years with weak demand and low prices. It has been difficult to make strategic decisions and plan for the future. Only now is the sector beginning to emerge from its upheaval. If there is hope on the horizon, we must, like Noland in Cast Away, remain mindful of the risk. […]

So if you are an oil and gas executive peering out over 2017 and beyond, you will face structural and cultural issues internally; many companies do not have the talent, organizational framework, systems, processes, or attitudes to be sufficiently flexible and innovative in an evolving and uncertain marketplace. You should be prepared to pursue new drilling and extraction technologies and to increase your research into sustainability and clean energy. To start planning for the future, oil and gas leaders in all segments might consider some fundamental questions: Do I have the right business models in place? How can my company develop new capabilities and in what areas? How should asset portfolios evolve? What type of technology plays should I invest in?

As companies address these challenges, we see a number of business models and strategic responses emerging between now and 2020.

(From https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/trend/2017-oil-and-gas-trends. Accessed July 19th, 2017)

The wording of the question “Who knows what the tide could bring?” is based on an awareness of the:

TEXT III

How energy companies can adjust their business models to a period of recovery

The character of Chuck Noland, played by Tom Hanks, says near the end of the film Cast Away, “...because tomorrow the sun will rise. Who knows what the tide could bring?” He makes this observation after having survived on a desert island for four years before being rescued and returned to civilization. If you’re a top executive in an oil and gas company, more than likely you’re feeling the same way right about now — optimistic but extremely cautious.

Much of the oil and gas industry has survived an especially tough few years with weak demand and low prices. It has been difficult to make strategic decisions and plan for the future. Only now is the sector beginning to emerge from its upheaval. If there is hope on the horizon, we must, like Noland in Cast Away, remain mindful of the risk. […]

So if you are an oil and gas executive peering out over 2017 and beyond, you will face structural and cultural issues internally; many companies do not have the talent, organizational framework, systems, processes, or attitudes to be sufficiently flexible and innovative in an evolving and uncertain marketplace. You should be prepared to pursue new drilling and extraction technologies and to increase your research into sustainability and clean energy. To start planning for the future, oil and gas leaders in all segments might consider some fundamental questions: Do I have the right business models in place? How can my company develop new capabilities and in what areas? How should asset portfolios evolve? What type of technology plays should I invest in?

As companies address these challenges, we see a number of business models and strategic responses emerging between now and 2020.

(From https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/trend/2017-oil-and-gas-trends. Accessed July 19th, 2017)

The author of Text III positions himself. He concludes the text with: