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BABIES CAN LINK LANGUAGE AND ETHNICITY
Arecent study from Canada's University of British Columbia (UBC) suggests that eleven-month-old infants can learn to associate the
language they hear with ethnicity.
The research, published by Developmental Psychobiology, found that 11-month-old infants looked more at the faces of people of
Asian descent compared to those of Caucasian descent when hearing Cantonese but not when hearing Spanish.
“Our findings suggest that by 11 months, infants are making connections between languages and ethnicities based on the individuals
they encounter in their environments. In learning about language, infants are doing more than picking up sounds and sentences—they
also learn about the speakers of language,” said Lillian May, a psychology lecturer at UBC who was lead author of the study.
The research was done in Vancouver, where approximately nine percent of the population can speak Cantonese.
The researchers played English-learning infants of Caucasian ancestry sentences in both English and Cantonese and showed them
pictures of people of Caucasian descent, and of Asian descent. When the infants heard Cantonese, they looked more at the Asian faces
than when they were hearing English. When they heard English, they looked equally to Asian and Caucasian faces.
“This indicates that they have already learned that in Vancouver, both Caucasians and Asians are likely to speak English, but only
Asians are likely to speak Cantonese,” noted UBC psychology professor Janet Werker, the study's senior author.
The researchers showed the same pictures to the infants while playing Spanish, to see whether they were inclined to associate any
unfamiliar language with any unfamiliar ethnicity. However, in that test the infants looked equally to Asian and Caucasian faces. This
suggests young infants pick up on specific language-ethnicity pairings based on the faces and languages they encounter.
“Babies are learning so much about language—even about its social use—long before they produce their first word,” said Werker. “The
link between speaker characteristics and language is something no one has to teach babies. They learn it all on their own.” “The ability
to link language and ethnicity might help babies with language acquisition. We are now probing this possibility. For example, does a
bilingual Chinese-English baby expect Chinese words from a Southeast Asian speaker and English words from a Caucasian speaker?
Our preliminary results indicate that indeed, babies are using their expectations about language and ethnicity as another source of
information in language learning,” added Werker.
Source: “Babies can link language and ethnicity”. Language Magazine Language Magazine, June 28, 2019
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“Effective teachers are typically defined as those whose students perform better on standardized achievement tests. In a study of
effective teachers in bilingual education programs in California and Hawaii, for example, Tikunoff (1985) observed teachers to find out
how they organize instruction, structure teaching activities, and enhance student performance on tasks.”
RICHARDS, Jack C. Theories of Teaching in Language Teaching. In: RICHARDS, J. C. & RENANDYA, W. A. Methodology in Language Teaching: An Anthology of
Which of the following characteristics is concerned with an effective teaching?
Which of the following characteristics is concerned with an effective teaching?
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According to the comics, it is CORRECTto say that:
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“Learning it in a class that essentially compresses a one-semester college course into a single month of intensive instruction -- and
agreeing to have your brain scanned before and after -- might seem even more daunting.” The word daunting can be substituted by
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“The study continued by teaching the participants in a setting designed to replicate a college language class, although the usual
semester was condensed into four weeks of instruction.” What is the meaning of the expression although?
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According to the text, it is CORRECTto say that:
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In acoustic phonetics, it is CORRECT to say that:
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Which of the following descriptions indicate the CORRECT sound?
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Soraia e Fernando decidiram vender pamonhas durante o mês de
junho para ajudar no orçamento do mês. Eles estabeleceram que
iriam vender cada pamonha a R$ 3,00. Soraia consegue produzir 4
pamonhas/hora, enquanto Fernando produz 5 pamonhas/hora.
Eles decidiram que iriam fabricar as pamonhas das 8h às 12h
durante os 30 dias do mês. Supondo que Soraia e Fernando
venderam todas as pamonhas que produziram, o valor arrecadado
por Soraia equivale a qual percentual do valor arrecadado por
Fernando?
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