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Land degradation is a systemic global problem, but the
scale of the problem is disputed, with global estimates of
degraded areas ranging from <10 to >60 million km2
. Changes in
vegetation in drylands are predominantly caused by two factors:
(i) anthropogenic climate change, which includes both changes in
water availability driven by trends in precipitation and increases
in temperature, as well as increased water use efficiency (carbon
gain per unit of water lost) in response to rising atmospheric CO2;
and (ii) land use practices, including grazing, cropping and
deforestation. Unsustainable land use is considered the primary
negative driver of dryland degradation. The impact of climate
change on drylands is also generally thought to be negative, with
some studies suggesting that anthropogenic forcing has already
increased arid areas.
Despite evidence for land use-induced degradation and the
studies that find increased aridification over drylands, satellite
estimates of vegetation greenness show a significant global
increase since 1980. The key drivers of this global increase in
apparent vegetation productivity are the vegetation’s response to
rising CO2, increases in rainfall and temperature and land use.
Model simulations which prescribe land use, attribute almost all
of the trend in satellite-derived greening to CO2 fertilization,
while satellite-derived models that do not account for CO2,
explicitly find either climate or land use as the dominate factor.
Neither approach explicitly accounts for rapid ecosystem change
in their proportioning of the relative contributions of each driver.
This can lead them to miss or underestimate rapid changes driven
by processes like extreme fires, deforestation, reforestation,
changes in agricultural policy, etc. Disentangling the roles of
climate (temperature and precipitation), CO2 and land use thus
remains a key challenge.
A.L. Burrell; J.P. Evans; M.G. De Kauwe. Anthropogenic climate change has driven over 5 million km2
of drylands towards desertification. Internet:<www.sciencedirect.com> (adapted)
Judge the following item about the text presented above.
Scientists are certain about the proportion of land degradation in the world, besides recognizing that it is an issue happening in various parts of the Earth.
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Land degradation is a systemic global problem, but the
scale of the problem is disputed, with global estimates of
degraded areas ranging from <10 to >60 million km2
. Changes in
vegetation in drylands are predominantly caused by two factors:
(i) anthropogenic climate change, which includes both changes in
water availability driven by trends in precipitation and increases
in temperature, as well as increased water use efficiency (carbon
gain per unit of water lost) in response to rising atmospheric CO2;
and (ii) land use practices, including grazing, cropping and
deforestation. Unsustainable land use is considered the primary
negative driver of dryland degradation. The impact of climate
change on drylands is also generally thought to be negative, with
some studies suggesting that anthropogenic forcing has already
increased arid areas.
Despite evidence for land use-induced degradation and the
studies that find increased aridification over drylands, satellite
estimates of vegetation greenness show a significant global
increase since 1980. The key drivers of this global increase in
apparent vegetation productivity are the vegetation’s response to
rising CO2, increases in rainfall and temperature and land use.
Model simulations which prescribe land use, attribute almost all
of the trend in satellite-derived greening to CO2 fertilization,
while satellite-derived models that do not account for CO2,
explicitly find either climate or land use as the dominate factor.
Neither approach explicitly accounts for rapid ecosystem change
in their proportioning of the relative contributions of each driver.
This can lead them to miss or underestimate rapid changes driven
by processes like extreme fires, deforestation, reforestation,
changes in agricultural policy, etc. Disentangling the roles of
climate (temperature and precipitation), CO2 and land use thus
remains a key challenge.
A.L. Burrell; J.P. Evans; M.G. De Kauwe. Anthropogenic climate change has driven over 5 million km2
of drylands towards desertification. Internet:<www.sciencedirect.com> (adapted)
Judge the following item about the text presented above.
The following expressions are examples of technical or specialized language that help to place the text in a certain area of knowledge: “climate change”, “vegetation greenness” and “key challenge”.
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Land degradation is a systemic global problem, but the
scale of the problem is disputed, with global estimates of
degraded areas ranging from <10 to >60 million km2
. Changes in
vegetation in drylands are predominantly caused by two factors:
(i) anthropogenic climate change, which includes both changes in
water availability driven by trends in precipitation and increases
in temperature, as well as increased water use efficiency (carbon
gain per unit of water lost) in response to rising atmospheric CO2;
and (ii) land use practices, including grazing, cropping and
deforestation. Unsustainable land use is considered the primary
negative driver of dryland degradation. The impact of climate
change on drylands is also generally thought to be negative, with
some studies suggesting that anthropogenic forcing has already
increased arid areas.
Despite evidence for land use-induced degradation and the
studies that find increased aridification over drylands, satellite
estimates of vegetation greenness show a significant global
increase since 1980. The key drivers of this global increase in
apparent vegetation productivity are the vegetation’s response to
rising CO2, increases in rainfall and temperature and land use.
Model simulations which prescribe land use, attribute almost all
of the trend in satellite-derived greening to CO2 fertilization,
while satellite-derived models that do not account for CO2,
explicitly find either climate or land use as the dominate factor.
Neither approach explicitly accounts for rapid ecosystem change
in their proportioning of the relative contributions of each driver.
This can lead them to miss or underestimate rapid changes driven
by processes like extreme fires, deforestation, reforestation,
changes in agricultural policy, etc. Disentangling the roles of
climate (temperature and precipitation), CO2 and land use thus
remains a key challenge.
A.L. Burrell; J.P. Evans; M.G. De Kauwe. Anthropogenic climate change has driven over 5 million km2
of drylands towards desertification. Internet:<www.sciencedirect.com> (adapted)
Judge the following item about the text presented above.
In the second paragraph, the expressions “Neither approach”, “their” and “them” are related to the models mentioned beforehand, which aim to explain the “global increase in apparent vegetation productivity”.
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
Land degradation is a systemic global problem, but the
scale of the problem is disputed, with global estimates of
degraded areas ranging from <10 to >60 million km2
. Changes in
vegetation in drylands are predominantly caused by two factors:
(i) anthropogenic climate change, which includes both changes in
water availability driven by trends in precipitation and increases
in temperature, as well as increased water use efficiency (carbon
gain per unit of water lost) in response to rising atmospheric CO2;
and (ii) land use practices, including grazing, cropping and
deforestation. Unsustainable land use is considered the primary
negative driver of dryland degradation. The impact of climate
change on drylands is also generally thought to be negative, with
some studies suggesting that anthropogenic forcing has already
increased arid areas.
Despite evidence for land use-induced degradation and the
studies that find increased aridification over drylands, satellite
estimates of vegetation greenness show a significant global
increase since 1980. The key drivers of this global increase in
apparent vegetation productivity are the vegetation’s response to
rising CO2, increases in rainfall and temperature and land use.
Model simulations which prescribe land use, attribute almost all
of the trend in satellite-derived greening to CO2 fertilization,
while satellite-derived models that do not account for CO2,
explicitly find either climate or land use as the dominate factor.
Neither approach explicitly accounts for rapid ecosystem change
in their proportioning of the relative contributions of each driver.
This can lead them to miss or underestimate rapid changes driven
by processes like extreme fires, deforestation, reforestation,
changes in agricultural policy, etc. Disentangling the roles of
climate (temperature and precipitation), CO2 and land use thus
remains a key challenge.
A.L. Burrell; J.P. Evans; M.G. De Kauwe. Anthropogenic climate change has driven over 5 million km2
of drylands towards desertification. Internet:<www.sciencedirect.com> (adapted)
Judge the following item about the text presented above.
The two approaches mentioned in the second paragraph diverge as to the reasons for global increase in vegetation greenness.
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
3610451
Ano: 2025
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: EVO
Orgão: Pref. Pedras Grandes-SC
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: EVO
Orgão: Pref. Pedras Grandes-SC
Provas:
What is the correct comparative form of the adjective "good" in English?
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
3610449
Ano: 2025
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: EVO
Orgão: Pref. Pedras Grandes-SC
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: EVO
Orgão: Pref. Pedras Grandes-SC
Provas:
What tense is used to describe an action that happened before another action in the past?
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
3610445
Ano: 2025
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: EVO
Orgão: Pref. Pedras Grandes-SC
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: EVO
Orgão: Pref. Pedras Grandes-SC
Provas:
Which one of the following is a modal verb in English?
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
3608429
Ano: 2025
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: DECORP
Orgão: Pref. Marechal Thaumaturgo-AC
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: DECORP
Orgão: Pref. Marechal Thaumaturgo-AC
Provas:
Which of the following words contains a diphthong?
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
3608428
Ano: 2025
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: DECORP
Orgão: Pref. Marechal Thaumaturgo-AC
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: DECORP
Orgão: Pref. Marechal Thaumaturgo-AC
Provas:
In the sentence "I saw her yesterday," what type of pronoun is "her"?
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
3608423
Ano: 2025
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: DECORP
Orgão: Pref. Marechal Thaumaturgo-AC
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: DECORP
Orgão: Pref. Marechal Thaumaturgo-AC
Provas:
Which of the following examples illustrates apposition?
Provas
Questão presente nas seguintes provas
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