Structuralism in the broad sense of skepticism about the efficacy of the price mechanism and a conviction that government planning and controls must make up for ‘market failure’ was common to most, though not all, of the first generation of development economists. Some emphasized the inadequacy of prices as a guide to investment decisions. Others stressed what they believed to be the unacceptable social costs of the free play of market forces, especially its effects in aggravating inequality, nationally and internationally. All agreed that for various reasons all three components of the price mechanism work even less well in underdeveloped than in developed countries and that neoclassical economic theory was therefore largely inapplicable to LDCs.

What is the connection between structuralism in this broad sense and the Latin American ‘structuralist’ theory of inflation?

There is a consensus among the structuralists that:

Item 2 - The ‘signaling’, ‘response’ and ‘mobility’ components of the price mechanism work even less well in underdeveloped countries than in developed ones

Considere o modelo de regressão linear múltipla para dados seccionais:

!$ y_i=\beta_0+\beta_1x_{1i}+\beta_2x_{2i}+L + \beta_k x_{ki}+u_i, \,\,\,\, i=1,K,n !$

É correto afirmar que:

Item 1 - A hipótese que !$ Var(u_i | x_{1i}, x_{2i}, K, x_{ki})=\sigma^2, \,\,\, i=1,K, n !$, é necessária para que os estimadores de mínimos quadrados sejam não-tendenciosos.

Responda V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso):

Item 0 - !$ \int^\pi_{-\pi} x^3 sen(x)dx=0 !$

Assinale V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso):

Item 4 - !$ \dfrac{d}{dx}\int^x_{-x}\dfrac{1}{t^5+1}dt=\dfrac{2}{1-x^{10}} !$

Structuralism in the broad sense of skepticism about the efficacy of the price mechanism and a conviction that government planning and controls must make up for ‘market failure’ was common to most, though not all, of the first generation of development economists. Some emphasized the inadequacy of prices as a guide to investment decisions. Others stressed what they believed to be the unacceptable social costs of the free play of market forces, especially its effects in aggravating inequality, nationally and internationally. All agreed that for various reasons all three components of the price mechanism work even less well in underdeveloped than in developed countries and that neoclassical economic theory was therefore largely inapplicable to LDCs.

What is the connection between structuralism in this broad sense and the Latin American ‘structuralist’ theory of inflation?

There is a consensus among the structuralists that:

Item 0 - Government planning and controls must make up for market failures.

É correto afirmar:

Item 0 - O modelo de duopólio em que cada firma defronta-se com uma demanda quebrada permite explicar a rigidez do preço do produto em relação a variações nos preços dos insumos.

Assinale V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso):

Item 0 - para todos !$ a \in \mathbb{R} !$ e !$ b \in \mathbb{R} !$, se !$ a < b !$ então !$ |a| < |b| !$;

Responda V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso):

Item 1 - !$ \int^\infty_0 x^3 e^{-x}dx=2 !$