O gráfico abaixo mostra a curva de renda-consumo (ou caminho de expansão da renda) de um consumidor. A respeito do bem x₁, é correto afirmar:

Item 3 - A elasticidade-renda da demanda de x₁ é igual à unidade.

O gráfico abaixo mostra a curva de renda-consumo (ou caminho de expansão da renda) de um consumidor. A respeito do bem x₁, é correto afirmar:

Item 4 - x₁ é um bem de luxo.

Considerando a função !$ f(x,y)=2\cdot x^2+x \cdot y^2+y^2 !$, assinale V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso):

Item 2 - !$ (-1,0) !$ é ponto de máximo de !$ f !$ no círculo !$ x^2+y^2 \le 1 !$;

Structuralism in the broad sense of skepticism about the efficacy of the price mechanism and a conviction that government planning and controls must make up for ‘market failure’ was common to most, though not all, of the first generation of development economists. Some emphasized the inadequacy of prices as a guide to investment decisions. Others stressed what they believed to be the unacceptable social costs of the free play of market forces, especially its effects in aggravating inequality, nationally and internationally. All agreed that for various reasons all three components of the price mechanism work even less well in underdeveloped than in developed countries and that neoclassical economic theory was therefore largely inapplicable to LDCs.

What is the connection between structuralism in this broad sense and the Latin American ‘structuralist’ theory of inflation?

There is a consensus among the structuralists that:

Item 1 - The social costs of the free play of market forces are unacceptably high

Em relação aos modelos de séries temporais, é correto afirmar:

Item 3 - No processo AR(1), !$ Z_t=\phi Z_{t-1}+a_t !$, em que !$ a_t !$ é um ruído branco com Var(!$ a_t !$) = !$ \sigma^2_a !$, a variância de !$ Z_t !$ é !$ \dfrac{\sigma^2_a}{1-\phi^2} !$.