Magna Concursos

Foram encontradas 70 questões.

214830 Ano: 2010
Disciplina: Português
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Orgão: BR Distribuidora

O Homem e o Universo
Somos criaturas espirituais num cosmo que só
mostra indiferença

Algo paradoxal ocorre quando nos deparamos com nossa “pequenez” perante a Natureza.

Por um lado, vemo-nos como seres especiais, superiores, capazes de construir tantas coisas, de criar o belo, de transformar o mundo através da manipulação de matéria-prima, da pedra bruta ao diamante, da terra inerte ao monumento cheio de significado, dos elementos químicos a plásticos(a), aviões, bolas e pontes. Somos artesãos(b), meio como as formigas(c), que constroem seus formigueiros aos poucos, trazendo coisas daqui e dali, erigindo seus abrigos contra as intempéries do mundo.

Por outro lado, vemos nossas obras destruídas em segundos por cataclismas naturais, prédios que desabam, cidades submersas por rios e oceanos ou por cinzas e lava, nossas criações arruinadas em segundos, feito os formigueiros que são achatados sob as sandálias de uma criança, causando pânico geral entre os insetos.

O paradoxo se intensifica mais quando olhamos para o céu e vemos a escuridão da noite ou o azul vago do dia, aparentemente estendendo-se ao infinito, uma casa sem paredes ou teto, sem uma fronteira demarcada. E se pensamos que cada estrela é um sol, e que tantas delas têm sua corte de planetas, fica difícil evitar a questão da nossa existência cósmica, se estamos aqui por algum motivo, se existem outros seres como nós – ou talvez muito diferentes – mas que, por pensar, também se inquietam com essas questões, buscando significado num cosmo que só mostra indiferença.

O que sabemos dos nossos vizinhos cósmicos, os outros planetas do Sistema Solar, não inspira muito calor humano. Vemos mundos belíssimos e hostis à vida, borbulhantes ou frígidos, cobertos por pedras inertes ou por moléculas que parecem traçar uma trilha interrompida, que ia a algum lugar mas, no meio do caminho, esqueceu o seu destino. Só aqui, na Terra, a trilha seguiu em frente, criou seres de formas diversas e exuberantes, compromissos entre as exigências ambientais e a química delicada da vida.

Se continuarmos nossa viagem para longe daqui, veremos nossa galáxia, soberana, casa de 300 bilhões de estrelas(d), número não tão diferente do total de neurônios no cérebro humano. A pequenez é ainda maior quando pensamos que a Terra, e mesmo o Sistema Solar inteiro, não passa de um ponto insignificante nessa espiral brilhante que se estende por 100 mil anos-luz. Porém, se o que vemos no Sistema Solar, a incrível diversidade de seus planetas e luas, é uma indicação, imagine que surpresas nos esperam em trilhões de outros mundos(e), cada um grão de areia numa praia.

Ao olhar para o Universo, o homem é nada. Ao olhar para o Universo, o homem é tudo. Esse é o paradoxo da nossa existência, sermos criaturas espirituais num mundo que não se presta a questionamentos profundos, um mundo que segue, resoluto, o seu curso, que procuramos entender com nossa ciência e, de forma distinta, com nossa arte.

Talvez esse paradoxo não tenha uma resolução.

Talvez seja melhor que não tenha. Pois é dessa inquietação do ser que criamos significado, conhecimento e aprendemos a lidar com o mundo e com nós mesmos. Se respondemos a uma pergunta, devemos estar prontos a fazer outra. Se nos perdemos na vastidão do cosmo, se sentimos o peso de sermos as únicas criaturas a questionar o porquê das coisas, devemos também celebrar a nossa existência breve. Ao que parece, somos a consciência cósmica, somos como o Universo pensa sobre si mesmo.

Marcelo Gleiser, Folha de São Paulo, 31 de janeiro de 2010.

Analisando as proposições a seguir, à luz da norma culta da língua portuguesa, aplicada a trechos retirados do texto, tem-se que

 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
211722 Ano: 2010
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Orgão: BR Distribuidora
Happy 150th, Oil! So Long, and Thanks for Modern Civilization
By Alexis Madrigal
WIRED SCIENCE, August 27, 2009
One hundred and fifty years ago on Aug. 27, Colonel Edwin L. Drake sunk the very first commercial well that produced flowing petroleum. The discovery that large amounts of oil could be found underground marked the beginning of a time during which this convenient fossil fuel became America’s dominant energy source.
But what began 150 years ago won’t last another 150 years — or even another 50. The era of cheap oil is ending, and with another energy transition upon us, we’ve got to extract all the lessons we can from its remarkable history.
“I would see this as less of an anniversary to note for celebration and more of an anniversary to note how far we’ve come and the serious moment that we’re at right now,” said Brian Black, an energy historian at Pennsylvania State University. “Energy transitions happen and I argue that we’re in one right now. Thus, we need to aggressively look to the future to what’s going to happen after petroleum.”
When Drake and others sunk their wells, there were no cars, no plastics, no chemical industry. Water power was the dominant industrial energy source. Steam engines burning coal were on the rise, but the nation’s energy system — unlike Great Britain’s — still used fossil fuels sparingly. The original role for oil was as an illuminant, not a motor fuel, which would come decades later.
Oil, people later found, was uniquely convenient. To equal the amount of energy in a tank of gasoline, you need 200 pounds of wood. Pair that energy density with stability under most conditions and that, as a liquid, it was easy to transport, and you have the killer application for the infrastructure age.
In a world that only had a tiny fraction of the amount of heat, light, and power available that we do now, people came up with all kinds of ideas for what to do with oil’s energy: cars, tractors, airplanes, chemicals, fertilizer, and plastic.
The scale of the oil industry is astounding, but it’s becoming clear the world’s oil supply will peak soon, or perhaps has peaked already. People discuss about the details, but no one argues that oil will play a much different role in our energy system in 50 years than it did in 1959.
The search for alternatives is on. If that search goes poorly — as some Peak Oil analysts predict — human civilization will fall off an energy cliff. The amount of energy we get back from drilling oil wells in the middle of the Gulf of Mexico continues to drop, and alternative sources don’t provide usable energy for humans on the generous terms that oil long has.
Yet humans with an economic incentive to be optimistic become optimists, and the harder we look, the more possible alternatives we find. The big question now is whether the cure for our oil addiction will come with a heavy carbon side effect.
Over the next 20 years, synthetic fuels made from coal or shale oil could conceivably become the fuels of the future. On the other hand, so could advanced biofuels from cellulosic ethanol or algae. Or the era of fuel could end and electric vehicles could be deployed in mass, at least in rich countries.
With the massive injection of stimulus and venture capital money into alternative energy that’s occurred over the past few years, the solutions for replacing oil could already be circulating among the labs and office parks of the country. To paraphrase technology expert Clay Shirky talking about the media, nothing will work to replace oil, but everything might.
If history tells us anything, it’s that energy sources can change, never tomorrow, but always some day.
“What is required is to operate without fear and to take energy transitions on as a developmental opportunity,” Black said.
slightly adapted from: http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/
2009/08/oilat150/#ixzz0gW1mC0Zm, access on Feb. 10, 2010.
In the fragment “nothing will work to replace oil, but everything might.” (line 29) the verbs ‘will’ and ‘might’, respectively, convey the idea of
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
208396 Ano: 2010
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Orgão: BR Distribuidora
Happy 150th, Oil! So Long, and Thanks for Modern Civilization
By Alexis Madrigal
WIRED SCIENCE, August 27, 2009
One hundred and fifty years ago on Aug. 27, Colonel Edwin L. Drake sunk the very first commercial well that produced flowing petroleum. The discovery that large amounts of oil could be found underground marked the beginning of a time during which this convenient fossil fuel became America’s dominant energy source.
But what began 150 years ago won’t last another 150 years — or even another 50. The era of cheap oil is ending, and with another energy transition upon us, we’ve got to extract all the lessons we can from its remarkable(a) history.
“I would see this as less of an anniversary to note for celebration and more of an anniversary to note how far we’ve come and the serious moment that we’re at right now,” said Brian Black, an energy historian at Pennsylvania State University. “Energy transitions happen and I argue that we’re in one right now. Thus, we need to aggressively look to the future to what’s going to happen after petroleum.”
When Drake and others sunk their wells, there were no cars, no plastics, no chemical industry. Water power was the dominant industrial energy source. Steam engines burning coal were on the rise, but the nation’s energy system — unlike Great Britain’s — still used fossil fuels sparingly(b). The original role for oil was as an illuminant, not a motor fuel, which would come decades later.
Oil, people later found, was uniquely convenient. To equal the amount of energy in a tank of gasoline, you need 200 pounds of wood. Pair that energy density with stability under most conditions and that, as a liquid, it was easy to transport, and you have the killer application for the infrastructure age.
In a world that only had a tiny(c) fraction of the amount of heat, light, and power available that we do now, people came up with all kinds of ideas for what to do with oil’s energy: cars, tractors, airplanes, chemicals, fertilizer, and plastic.
The scale of the oil industry is astounding, but it’s becoming clear the world’s oil supply will peak soon, or perhaps has peaked already. People discuss about the details, but no one argues that oil will play a much different role in our energy system in 50 years than it did in 1959.
The search for alternatives is on. If that search goes poorly — as some Peak Oil analysts predict — human civilization will fall off an energy cliff. The amount of energy we get back from drilling oil wells in the middle of the Gulf of Mexico continues to drop(d), and alternative sources don’t provide usable energy for humans on the generous terms that oil long has.
Yet humans with an economic incentive to be optimistic become optimists, and the harder we look, the more possible alternatives we find. The big question now is whether the cure for our oil addiction will come with a heavy carbon side effect.
Over the next 20 years, synthetic fuels made from coal or shale oil could conceivably become the fuels of the future. On the other hand, so could advanced biofuels from cellulosic ethanol or algae. Or the era of fuel could end and electric vehicles could be deployed(e) in mass, at least in rich countries.
With the massive injection of stimulus and venture capital money into alternative energy that’s occurred over the past few years, the solutions for replacing oil could already be circulating among the labs and office parks of the country. To paraphrase technology expert Clay Shirky talking about the media, nothing will work to replace oil, but everything might.
If history tells us anything, it’s that energy sources can change, never tomorrow, but always some day.
“What is required is to operate without fear and to take energy transitions on as a developmental opportunity,” Black said.
slightly adapted from: http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/
2009/08/oilat150/#ixzz0gW1mC0Zm, access on Feb. 10, 2010.
The pair of words that express opposing ideas is
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
144346 Ano: 2010
Disciplina: Inglês (Língua Inglesa)
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Orgão: BR Distribuidora
Happy 150th, Oil! So Long, and Thanks for Modern Civilization
By Alexis Madrigal
WIRED SCIENCE, August 27, 2009
One hundred and fifty years ago on Aug. 27, Colonel Edwin L. Drake sunk the very first commercial well that produced flowing petroleum. The discovery that large amounts of oil could be found underground marked the beginning of a time during which this convenient fossil fuel became America’s dominant energy source.
But what began 150 years ago won’t last another 150 years — or even another 50. The era of cheap oil is ending, and with another energy transition upon us, we’ve got to extract all the lessons we can from its remarkable history.
“I would see this as less of an anniversary to note for celebration and more of an anniversary to note how far we’ve come and the serious moment that we’re at right now,” said Brian Black, an energy historian at Pennsylvania State University. “Energy transitions happen and I argue that we’re in one right now. Thus, we need to aggressively look to the future to what’s going to happen after petroleum.”
When Drake and others sunk their wells, there were no cars, no plastics, no chemical industry. Water power was the dominant industrial energy source. Steam engines burning coal were on the rise, but the nation’s energy system — unlike Great Britain’s — still used fossil fuels sparingly. The original role for oil was as an illuminant, not a motor fuel, which would come decades later.
Oil, people later found, was uniquely convenient. To equal the amount of energy in a tank of gasoline, you need 200 pounds of wood. Pair that energy density with stability under most conditions and that, as a liquid, it was easy to transport, and you have the killer application for the infrastructure age.
In a world that only had a tiny fraction of the amount of heat, light, and power available that we do now, people came up with all kinds of ideas for what to do with oil’s energy: cars, tractors, airplanes, chemicals, fertilizer, and plastic.
The scale of the oil industry is astounding, but it’s becoming clear the world’s oil supply will peak soon, or perhaps has peaked already. People discuss about the details, but no one argues that oil will play a much different role in our energy system in 50 years than it did in 1959.
The search for alternatives is on. If that search goes poorly — as some Peak Oil analysts predict — human civilization will fall off an energy cliff. The amount of energy we get back from drilling oil wells in the middle of the Gulf of Mexico continues to drop, and alternative sources don’t provide usable energy for humans on the generous terms that oil long has.
Yet humans with an economic incentive to be optimistic become optimists, and the harder we look, the more possible alternatives we find. The big question now is whether the cure for our oil addiction will come with a heavy carbon side effect.
Over the next 20 years, synthetic fuels made from coal or shale oil could conceivably become the fuels of the future. On the other hand, so could advanced biofuels from cellulosic ethanol or algae. Or the era of fuel could end and electric vehicles could be deployed in mass, at least in rich countries.
With the massive injection of stimulus and venture capital money into alternative energy that’s occurred over the past few years, the solutions for replacing oil could already be circulating among the labs and office parks of the country. To paraphrase technology expert Clay Shirky talking about the media, nothing will work to replace oil, but everything might.
If history tells us anything, it’s that energy sources can change, never tomorrow, but always some day.
“What is required is to operate without fear and to take energy transitions on as a developmental opportunity,” Black said.
slightly adapted from: http://www.wired.com/wiredscience/
2009/08/oilat150/#ixzz0gW1mC0Zm, access on Feb. 10, 2010.
The title of this text is a reference to all of the facts below EXCEPT for
 

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
340520 Ano: 2010
Disciplina: Direito Processual Civil
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Orgão: BR Distribuidora
A BR S.A. propõe cerca de cem ações cognitivas, de conteúdo similar, distribuídas a juízos com competência cível do Poder Judiciário do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Cerca de trinta dessas ações são apresentadas à Segunda Vara Cível da Comarca da Capital que instrui, na íntegra, cinco dessas ações, proferindo sentença de mérito com a improcedência do pedido. A autora apresentou recurso tempestivo em todas as ações. Com base nas seguidas decisões proferidas, o magistrado indeferiu a petição inicial das ações restantes, julgando improcedentes os pedidos nelas contidos. No sistema adotado no Brasil, o ato do juiz que indeferiu a inicial é
Questão Anulada

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
340519 Ano: 2010
Disciplina: Direito Empresarial (Comercial)
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Orgão: BR Distribuidora
Qual é o órgão da sociedade anônima de capital aberto que tem competência para a alienação de bens do Ativo Permanente de uma companhia?
Questão Anulada

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
340518 Ano: 2010
Disciplina: Direito Administrativo
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Orgão: BR Distribuidora
Sobre as sociedades de economia mista e suas subsidiárias que explorem atividades econômicas pode-se afirmar que
I - não é necessária autorização legislativa para a criação de subsidiárias, desde que haja previsão para esse fim na própria lei que instituiu a empresa de economia mista matriz;
II - as sociedades de economia mista que exploram atividade econômica estão sujeitas à fiscalização do TCU;
III - as sociedades de economia mista que exploram atividade econômica e suas subsidiárias não estão sujeitas ao princípio da licitação nos contratos de obras e serviços;
IV - as sociedades de economia mista que exploram atividade econômica estão sujeitas ao regime jurídico próprio das empresas privadas.
Estão corretas APENAS as afirmações
Questão Anulada

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
341172 Ano: 2010
Disciplina: Direito Processual Civil
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Orgão: BR Distribuidora
Nero, brasileiro, empresário, residente na Comarca de Varre-Sai, é supreendido com ato citatório em execução fiscal proposta pelo INSS e distribuído ao Juízo Estadual da Comarca de Varre-Sai. Aduz, em defesa, a incompetência absoluta daquele Juízo para conhecer e julgar o processo, requerendo a remessa dos autos ao Juízo Federal. A alegação defensiva é rejeitada, prosseguindo-se com a execução, tendo sido penhorado o único bem imóvel de Nero, onde o mesmo habita com sua esposa e cinco filhos. Nesse caso, de acordo com a legislação, deve-se considerar que a(o)
Questão Desatualizada

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
341171 Ano: 2010
Disciplina: Direito Processual do Trabalho
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Orgão: BR Distribuidora
A competência para julgamento de embargos de terceiros na execução por carta precatória é do juízo
Questão Desatualizada

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas
341170 Ano: 2010
Disciplina: Administração Financeira e Orçamentária
Banca: CESGRANRIO
Orgão: BR Distribuidora
Considere as seguintes afirmações a respeito da Lei de Diretrizes Orçamentárias (LDO):
I - a LDO é de iniciativa privativa do Presidente da República;
II - o projeto de LDO não admite emenda que trate de matéria não orçamentária;
III - o projeto de LDO pode ser rejeitado pelo Congresso Nacional;
IV - a LDO, por se tratar de Norma de efeitos concretos, não pode ser objeto de ADIn.
Estão corretas APENAS as afirmações
Questão Desatualizada

Provas

Questão presente nas seguintes provas