Experiences of industrial energy-efficiency policies applied in selected developing countries

Brazil. The National Electrical Energy Conservation Programme (Procel) introduced the Industrial Energy Efficiency Programme in 2003, stressing awareness-raising and capacity-building, implementation of demonstration projects, regulatory and legislative actions and establishment of financing lines for project replication. Procel Industria originally focused on electric motor-driven systems, industrial processes, energy audits and industrial facilities' electricity lasses. lt used universities to provide training and develop analytical toais for manufacturers and provided financing for equipment and instrumentation to enable self-energy auditing and implementation by industry. Procel's industrial energy-efficiency programme was executed through the National Confederation of lndustry (NCI) to strengthen NCI as a leader in industrial energy efficiency, to create a focus point instead of having specific agreements with all sectors and to build a common agenda. lt included an international survey of industrial energy-efficiency programmes and projects, a national survey of industrial energy-efficiency projects results and mechanisms, and identification of barriers for energyefficiency projects and of key success factors.

China. ln 2004, China launched its Ten Key Projects initiative, a $1 billion programme to provide financial incentives for a range of industrial energy-saving projects. Funding is earmarked for 5 of the 10 key projects (coai industrial boilers and kilns, waste heat and power recovery,

petrochemical conservation, electrical machinery, energysaving systems and energy system optimization). Applicants must undergo a comprehensive energy audit, demonstrate adequate accounting and management systems and show that the project will save at least 7,000 tonnes of oil equivalent (toe). lf independent reviewers conclude that a project is successful, applicants can also receive financial awards linked to energy savings. ln 2007, Shanghai had 243 energy conservation projects with a total investment of $439 million and estimated savings of 600,000 toe. Weifang City in Shandong Province implemented 66 projects in 2007, with a total investment of $1.28 billion. By June 2008, 26 projects were completed with an energy-saving capacity of 121,000 toe per year.

South Africa. Through the Energy Efficiency Accord signed with the Ministry for Energy and Minerais, the chief executive officers of 24 major energy users and seven industry associations voluntarily committed to work individually and collaboratively to meet government targets for energy savings, promote demand management contracts with energy suppliers, develop common reporting requirements for energy use from all sources, forecast industry specific energy use based on business-as-usual growth expectations, develop a generic energy-auditing protocol that can be adapted by the sector and company signatories, and exploit opportunities to develop Clean Development Mechanism energy-efficiency projects under the Kyoto Protocol.

ln the text, NCI was used to execute Procel's programme with the objective of: