Leaving words out

Ellipsis means leaving words out. Instead of repeating a noun phrase, we can use a pronoun or we can leave the pronoun out. Instead of repeating a verb phrase, we can use a substitution form or leave the substitution form out. We usually use ellipsis instead of repeating words before nouns in phrases joined by and, but, or. We can also use ellipsis after a comma in a list.

(adapted from YULE, George. Oxford Practice Grammar. Pearson: 2001, p.106)

Choose the shortest possible version of the following text considering the explanation about ellipsis.

He put the money on the table and he sat down. He sat in his hot clothes and he felt heavy. The woman looked over at him and she smiled. Her smile said she was in charge and she could take his money if she wanted to take his money. The smile lingered for a moment or two than the smile disappeared and the smile was replaced by a dark stare.

An autonomous learner is someone who is able to learn on their own. In a sense, every learner is autonomous to some extent because each student in the classroom has to learn for themselves. Teachers try to help students learn by exposing them to English and providing opportunities for them to practice the new language in class as well as revise and learn at home, but they cannot learn for their students.

Students who are successful are those who take some responsibility for their learning. We can promote this by encouraging and fostering students’ ability to remember, learn, extrapolate and achieve on their own. Think about something you learned to do. Someone probably showed you what to do and how to do it, but in the end it was up to you to try for yourself. The moment that you did this was the moment you really began to learn.

(LOWES, Ricky. Helping Students to Learn. A Guide to Learner Autonomy. Richmond : 1998, p.5)

What Teaching Approach is best described by the passage above?

Hutchinson and Waters (1987) use the analogy of a tree to get to a definition of what ESP is. However, they approach this definition by showing not what ESP is, but rather by showing what ESP isn’t.

Choose the statement that is true according to their definition:

Tomlinson ( 2011, p. 9-10 ) postulates that “materials should help learners to develop confidence”.

Which of the following alternatives present the author’s statement about this subject?

Tomlinson (2011, p.7) states that materials should achieve impact. “Impact is achieved when materials have a noticeable effect on learners, that is when the learners’ curiosity, interest and attention are attracted. If this is achieved there is a better chance that some of the language in the materials will be taken in for processing”. According to the author, materials can achieve impact through some aspects.

Choose the alternative that is approached by Tomlinson (2006):

“Our concern is with language learning. We cannot simply assume that describing and exemplifying what people do with language will enable someone to learn it. If that were so, we would need to do more than read a grammar book and a dictionary in order to learn a language. A truly valid approach to ESP must be based on an understanding of the processes of language learning”

(HUTCHINSON & WATERS, 1987, p.14)

According to Hutchinson and Waters (1987), the subject of their book is:

Observe a figura a seguir:

A circunferência λ tem centro C e raio r. A medida em graus do ângulo é :

O volume do tetraedro formado pelos vértices !$ A = (6,1, -3),\,\,B = (1,2, -1), C = (5,01) !$ e !$ D = (2,-1,1) !$ é: