Read the excerpt from Anthony (1963) apud Richards and Rodgers (2001):

“…An approach is a set of correlative assumptions dealing with the nature of language teaching and learning. An approach is axiomatic. It describes the nature of the subject matter to be taught… …

... Method is an overall plan for the orderly presentation of language material, no part of which contradicts, and all of which is based upon, the selected approach. An approach is axiomatic, a method is procedural.

Within one approach, there can be many methods…”

Considering the excerpt and the nature of approaches and methods in English teaching, it is correct to say that:

According to BROWN (2007):

“As students work together in pairs and groups, they share information and come to each others’ aid. They are a ‘team’ whose players must work together in order to achieve goals successfully.”

Taking into consideration the above passage it is possible to state that the authors refer to

The aim of this particular model is to provide a coherent framework for the integration of the various aspects of learning, while at the same time allowing enough room for creativity and variety to florish. The model consists of four elements: input, content focus, language focus, task (HUTCHINSON and WATERS,1987).

Hutchinson and Waters (1987) present a material design model based on four elements: input, content, language and task. According to the authors, the primary focus of the unit is:

[this domain] deals with the way in which utterences are interpreted in context, and the ways in which the utterences of a particular sentence in a certain context may convey a message that is not actually expressed in the sentence and in other contexts might not have been conveyed. (HUDDLESTON and PULLUM, 2002).

The previous passage is a definition of:

Read the excert from HUTCHINSON & WATERS (1987) about the ESP origin:

“As with most developments in human activity, ESP was not a planned and coherent movement, but rather a phenomenon that grew out of a number of converging trends. These trends have operated in a variety of ways around the world, but we can identify three main reasons common to the emerge of all ESP.”

Taking into consideration HUTCHINSON & WATERS assumptions, what are the three main reasons for ESP emergence?

Em um supermercado, a demanda diária de feijão, em centenas de quilos, é uma variável aleatória, com função de densidade de probabilidade:

!$ f(x)\left\{\begin{matrix} \tfrac{1}{2}x, & & se0\leq x< 1 \\ - &\tfrac{1}{6}x+\tfrac{2}{3},se & 1\leq x\leq 4 \\ 0,se& x< 0 & ou &x> 4.\\ \end{matrix}\right. !$

Dentre as alternativas apresentadas abaixo, a quantidade mínima de feijão que o gerente do supermercado precisa dispor diariamente aos clientes para que não falte feijão em 85% dos dias é aproximadamente:

Cada elétron, em um átomo, é caracterizado por seus quatro números quânticos: principal, secundário, magnético e de spin. É sabido que num mesmo átomo não existem dois elétrons com os mesmos números quânticos.

Para n=3, e considerando os valores possíveis de l, qual é o número total de estados do elétron para esse caso?

Carolina deixa seu carro para lavagem enquanto faz a unha no salão ao lado. O tempo de lavagem do carro tem distribuição normal com média de 50 minutos e desvio padrão de 10 minutos.

Se ficar de 45 a 55 minutos no salão, qual a probabilidade da lavagem estar concluída? Considere P (0 ≤ z ≤ 0,5) = 0,1915.

Sejam S a superfície fronteira da região sólida E limitada pelos planos y+2z-4=0, y=0, z=0 e pelo cilindro parabólico z=1-x² e o campo vetorial !$ \vec F: \mathbb{R}^3 \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^3 !$ dado por:

!$ \large \vec F(x,y,z) = \Bigl(xy + z, e^{x^2z}, cos(xy) + yz\Bigr). !$

Determine !$ \iint\limits_S \vec F \cdot dS. !$