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Today’s world’s societies are becoming more and more dependent on open networks such as the Internet, where commercial activities, business transactions and government services are realized. This has led to the fast development of new cyber threats and numerous information security issues, which are exploited by cyber criminals. The inability to provide trusted secure services in contemporary computer network technologies has a tremendous socio-economic impact on global enterprises as well as individuals.
Moreover, frequently occurring international frauds make it necessary to conduct investigations of facts across international borders. Such examinations are often subject to different jurisdictions and legal systems. The Internet has acted as an alternate avenue for the criminals to conduct their activities and launch attacks with relative anonymity.
This poses new challenges for law enforcement policies and requires the services of digital forensics to combat the increasing number of cybercrimes. Digital forensics is a recently emerged research area and has attracted the attention of computer professionals, law enforcement experts and practitioners. It is a multidisciplinary area that includes, for example, law, computer science, finance, networking, data mining and criminal justice. However, despite increased interest, the field still faces diverse challenges, most commonly related to the efficiency of the digital evidence processing and the resulting forensic procedures.
Internet: <www.oxfordjournals.org> (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the text above.
The services of digital forensics may increase the number of cybercrimes.
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Today’s world’s societies are becoming more and more dependent on open networks such as the Internet, where commercial activities, business transactions and government services are realized. This has led to the fast development of new cyber threats and numerous information security issues, which are exploited by cyber criminals. The inability to provide trusted secure services in contemporary computer network technologies has a tremendous socio-economic impact on global enterprises as well as individuals.
Moreover, frequently occurring international frauds make it necessary to conduct investigations of facts across international borders. Such examinations are often subject to different jurisdictions and legal systems. The Internet has acted as an alternate avenue for the criminals to conduct their activities and launch attacks with relative anonymity.
This poses new challenges for law enforcement policies and requires the services of digital forensics to combat the increasing number of cybercrimes. Digital forensics is a recently emerged research area and has attracted the attention of computer professionals, law enforcement experts and practitioners. It is a multidisciplinary area that includes, for example, law, computer science, finance, networking, data mining and criminal justice. However, despite increased interest, the field still faces diverse challenges, most commonly related to the efficiency of the digital evidence processing and the resulting forensic procedures.
Internet: <www.oxfordjournals.org> (adapted).
Judge the following items according to the text above.
Digital forensics is a recent multidisciplinary area which has attracted the attention of computer professionals, law enforcement experts and practitioners.
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Today’s world’s societies are becoming more and more dependent on open networks such as the Internet, where commercial activities, business transactions and government services are realized. This has led to the fast development of new cyber threats and numerous information security issues, which are exploited by cyber criminals. The inability to provide trusted secure services in contemporary computer network technologies has a tremendous socio-economic impact on global enterprises as well as individuals.
Moreover, frequently occurring international frauds make it necessary to conduct investigations of facts across international borders. Such examinations are often subject to different jurisdictions and legal systems. The Internet has acted as an alternate avenue for the criminals to conduct their activities and launch attacks with relative anonymity.
This poses new challenges for law enforcement policies and requires the services of digital forensics to combat the increasing number of cybercrimes. Digital forensics is a recently emerged research area and has attracted the attention of computer professionals, law enforcement experts and practitioners. It is a multidisciplinary area that includes, for example, law, computer science, finance, networking, data mining and criminal justice. However, despite increased interest, the field still faces diverse challenges, most commonly related to the efficiency of the digital evidence processing and the resulting forensic procedures.
Internet: <www.oxfordjournals.org> (adapted).
Judge the following items according to the text above.
Governments all over the world have provided trusted secure services in contemporary computer network technologies.
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Today’s world’s societies are becoming more and more dependent on open networks such as the Internet, where commercial activities, business transactions and government services are realized. This has led to the fast development of new cyber threats and numerous information security issues, which are exploited by cyber criminals. The inability to provide trusted secure services in contemporary computer network technologies has a tremendous socio-economic impact on global enterprises as well as individuals.
Moreover, frequently occurring international frauds make it necessary to conduct investigations of facts across international borders. Such examinations are often subject to different jurisdictions and legal systems. The Internet has acted as an alternate avenue for the criminals to conduct their activities and launch attacks with relative anonymity.
This poses new challenges for law enforcement policies and requires the services of digital forensics to combat the increasing number of cybercrimes. Digital forensics is a recently emerged research area and has attracted the attention of computer professionals, law enforcement experts and practitioners. It is a multidisciplinary area that includes, for example, law, computer science, finance, networking, data mining and criminal justice. However, despite increased interest, the field still faces diverse challenges, most commonly related to the efficiency of the digital evidence processing and the resulting forensic procedures.
Internet: <www.oxfordjournals.org> (adapted).
Judge the following items according to the text above.
The word “despite” is synonymous with furthermore.
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Today’s world’s societies are becoming more and more dependent on open networks such as the Internet, where commercial activities, business transactions and government services are realized. This has led to the fast development of new cyber threats and numerous information security issues, which are exploited by cyber criminals. The inability to provide trusted secure services in contemporary computer network technologies has a tremendous socio-economic impact on global enterprises as well as individuals.
Moreover, frequently occurring international frauds make it necessary to conduct investigations of facts across international borders. Such examinations are often subject to different jurisdictions and legal systems. The Internet has acted as an alternate avenue for the criminals to conduct their activities and launch attacks with relative anonymity.
This poses new challenges for law enforcement policies and requires the services of digital forensics to combat the increasing number of cybercrimes. Digital forensics is a recently emerged research area and has attracted the attention of computer professionals, law enforcement experts and practitioners. It is a multidisciplinary area that includes, for example, law, computer science, finance, networking, data mining and criminal justice. However, despite increased interest, the field still faces diverse challenges, most commonly related to the efficiency of the digital evidence processing and the resulting forensic procedures.
Internet: <www.oxfordjournals.org> (adapted).
Judge the following items according to the text above.
In line, the word “which” refers to “cyber criminals”.
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At the most basic level, a computer is something that receives zeroes and ones from either memory or an input device, combines them in some systematic way, and ships the results off to either memory or some output device — like a screen or speaker. An operating system, whether Windows, the Apple OS, Linux or any other, is a software that mediates between applications, like word processors and Web browsers, and those rudimentary bit operations. Like everything else, operating systems will have to be reimagined for a world in which computer chips have hundreds or thousands of cores.
Project Angstrom, an ambitious initiative to create tomorrow’s computing systems from the ground up, funded by the U.S. Defense Department’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and drawing on the work of 19 MIT researchers and industry collaborators, is concerned with energy-efficient multicore computing at all levels, from chip architecture up to the design of programming languages. But at its heart is the development of a new operating system.
Internet: <web.mit.edu> (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the text above.
Developing a new operating system is the Angstrom Project main focus.
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At the most basic level, a computer is something that receives zeroes and ones from either memory or an input device, combines them in some systematic way, and ships the results off to either memory or some output device — like a screen or speaker. An operating system, whether Windows, the Apple OS, Linux or any other, is a software that mediates between applications, like word processors and Web browsers, and those rudimentary bit operations. Like everything else, operating systems will have to be reimagined for a world in which computer chips have hundreds or thousands of cores.
Project Angstrom, an ambitious initiative to create tomorrow’s computing systems from the ground up, funded by the U.S. Defense Department’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and drawing on the work of 19 MIT researchers and industry collaborators, is concerned with energy-efficient multicore computing at all levels, from chip architecture up to the design of programming languages. But at its heart is the development of a new operating system.
Internet: <web.mit.edu> (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the text above.
The U.S. Defense Department’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has funded a project which is concerned with energy-efficient multicore computing at all levels.
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At the most basic level, a computer is something that receives zeroes and ones from either memory or an input device, combines them in some systematic way, and ships the results off to either memory or some output device — like a screen or speaker. An operating system, whether Windows, the Apple OS, Linux or any other, is a software that mediates between applications, like word processors and Web browsers, and those rudimentary bit operations. Like everything else, operating systems will have to be reimagined for a world in which computer chips have hundreds or thousands of cores.
Project Angstrom, an ambitious initiative to create tomorrow’s computing systems from the ground up, funded by the U.S. Defense Department’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and drawing on the work of 19 MIT researchers and industry collaborators, is concerned with energy-efficient multicore computing at all levels, from chip architecture up to the design of programming languages. But at its heart is the development of a new operating system.
Internet: <web.mit.edu> (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the text above.
The term “whether” can be correctly replaced by if.
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At the most basic level, a computer is something that receives zeroes and ones from either memory or an input device, combines them in some systematic way, and ships the results off to either memory or some output device — like a screen or speaker. An operating system, whether Windows, the Apple OS, Linux or any other, is a software that mediates between applications, like word processors and Web browsers, and those rudimentary bit operations. Like everything else, operating systems will have to be reimagined for a world in which computer chips have hundreds or thousands of cores.
Project Angstrom, an ambitious initiative to create tomorrow’s computing systems from the ground up, funded by the U.S. Defense Department’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and drawing on the work of 19 MIT researchers and industry collaborators, is concerned with energy-efficient multicore computing at all levels, from chip architecture up to the design of programming languages. But at its heart is the development of a new operating system.
Internet: <web.mit.edu> (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the text above.
The word ship in the fragment “ships the results off” is the same as send.
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At the most basic level, a computer is something that receives zeroes and ones from either memory or an input device, combines them in some systematic way, and ships the results off to either memory or some output device — like a screen or speaker. An operating system, whether Windows, the Apple OS, Linux or any other, is a software that mediates between applications, like word processors and Web browsers, and those rudimentary bit operations. Like everything else, operating systems will have to be reimagined for a world in which computer chips have hundreds or thousands of cores.
Project Angstrom, an ambitious initiative to create tomorrow’s computing systems from the ground up, funded by the U.S. Defense Department’s Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and drawing on the work of 19 MIT researchers and industry collaborators, is concerned with energy-efficient multicore computing at all levels, from chip architecture up to the design of programming languages. But at its heart is the development of a new operating system.
Internet: <web.mit.edu> (adapted).
Judge the following item according to the text above.
The word “either” means any one of two.
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