Indicate whether each of the following statements, made by Warschauer (2004), about literacy and education is true (T) or false (F).

( ) The mere existence of the Internet will create researchers or knowledge seekers out of those without the requisite background or skills.

( ) Education and literacy are also important at the individual microlevel, since reading, writing, and thinking skills remain crucial for being able to use the Internet.

( ) At the macrolevel, mass literacy and education serve to grease the wheels of economic development and thus create conditions for greater technologization of society.

( ) As the Internet becomes more widespread, it is highly likely that its use will be stratified, with some using it principally as an entertainment device and others using it to seek and create new knowledge.

( ) The correlation between mass education and societal Internet access is lowest in countries that have a large “tertiary” economic sector (based on consumer and producer services, typical of the postindustrial economy)

De acordo com as afirmações, a sequência correta é:

Analise as asserções a seguir e a relação proposta entre elas.

I - The term computer literacy emerged in the early 1980s together with the spread of the personal computer; within a decade, the term had become widely discredited among educators

BECAUSE

II - it generally referred to only the most basic forms of computer operation, such as turning on a computer, opening a folder, and saving a file, and thus tended to justify a very limited view of computer-related education.

Sobre as asserções é correto afirmar que

Methods serve as a foil for reflection that can aid teachers in bringing to conscious awareness the thinking that underlies their actions. Considering such idea, developed by Larsen-Freeman in Techniques and Principles in Language (2011), associate the method to its respective principle.

METHODS

1 - Direct

2 - Audio-Lingual

3 - Silent Way

4 - Desuggestopedia

5 - Community Language Learning

6 - Total Physical Response

7 - Communicative Language Teaching

PRINCIPLES

( ) Dramatization is a particularly valuable way of playfully activating the material. Fantasy reduces barriers to learning.

( ) Developing a community among the class members builds trust and can help to reduce the threat of the new learning situation.

( ) The purpose of language learning is communication; therefore, students need to learn how to ask questions as well as answer them.

( ) Spoken language should he emphasized over written language. Students can initially learn one part of the language rapidly by moving their bodies.

( ) Language learning is a process of habit formation. The more often something is repeated, the stronger the habit and the greater the learning.

( ) The teacher works with gestures, and sometimes instructions in the student’s native language, to help the students to produce the target language sounds as accurately as possible.

( ) Students should be given opportunities to listen to language as it is used in authentic communication. They may be coached on strategies for how to improve their comprehension.

A sequência correta é

Evaluate the following statements, made by Larsen- Freeman in Techniques and Principles in Language (2011), about the Grammar-Translation Method.

I - The ability to communicate in the target language is the goal of the Grammar-Translation Method.

II - The primary skills to be developed are reading and writing. Little attention is given to speaking and listening, and almost none to pronunciation.

III - Most of the interaction in the classroom is from the teacher to the students. There is little student initiation and little student-student interaction.

IV - The roles are not traditional. The teacher is not the authority in the classroom. However, it is very important that students get the correct answers.

V - According to this method, a fundamental purpose of learning a foreign language is to be able to read literature written in it; since literary language is superior to spoken language.

Está correto apenas o que se afirma em

Indicate whether each of the following statements made by Lightbown and Spada, about learning and teaching a second language in structure-based instructional settings, is true (T) or false (F).

( ) Errors are frequently corrected. Accuracy tends to be given priority over meaningful interaction.

( ) Students do not feel pressured to speak or write the second language and to do so correctly from the very beginning.

( ) Linguistic items are presented and practiced in isolation, one item at a time, in a sequence from what teacher or textbook writes believe is ‘simple’ to that which is ‘complex’.

( ) Students experience a limited range of language discourse types. The written language they encounter is selected primarily to provide practice with specific grammatical features rather than for its content.

( ) Teachers never use the learners’ native language to give instructions or in classroom management events. When they use the target language, they tend to modify their language in order to ensure comprehension and compliance.

De acordo com as afirmações, a sequência correta é:

Analise as asserções a seguir e a relação proposta entre elas.

I - According to some researchers, learners who willingly communicate in a wide range of conversational interactions are able to do so

BECAUSE

II - their prior language learning has led to development of self-confidence, which is based on a lack of anxiety combined with a sufficient level of communicative competence, arising from a series of reasonably pleasant [second language] experiences.

Sobre as asserções é correto afirmar que

As discussed by Kumaravadivelu in Understanding Language Teaching: From Method to Postmethod (2006), according to Breen (2001), a well-designed teaching syllabus should ideally NOT provide

Evaluate the following statements made by Kroskrity (2000), and discussed by Kumaravadivelu in Understanding Language Teaching: From Method to Postmethod (2006), about the connection between language and ideology.

I - Language and discourse are grounded in social experience and often demonstrably tied to the promotion and protection of political-economic interests.

II - Language ideologies are grounded in social experiences that are always uniformly distributed across diverse communities.

III - Depending on the role they play, people develop different degrees of consciousness about ideologically grounded discourse.

IV - People’s sociocultural experience and interactive patterns contribute to their construction and understanding of language ideologies.

Está correto apenas o que se afirma em

Communicative competence consists of grammatical competence as well as sociolinguistic competence, that is, factors governing successful communication.

Considering such idea, developed by Hymes (1972), and discussed by Kumaravadivelu in Understanding Language Teaching: From Method to Postmethod (2006), associate the factors to its respective definition.

FACTORS

1 - Setting

2 - Participants

3 - Ends

4 - Key

5 - Instrumentalities

6 - Norms

7 - Genres

DEFINITIONS

( ) refers to categories of communication such as lecture, report, essay, poem and so forth.

( ) refers to the manner and tone (serious, sarcastic, etc.) of the utterance.

( ) refers to the place and time in which the communicative event takes place.

( ) refers to conventions of interaction and interpretation base d on shar ed kno wledge.

( ) refers to speakers and their role relationships.

( ) refers to the unstated objectives the participants wish to accomplish.

( ) refers to the channel (oral or written) and the code (formal or informal).

A sequência correta é:

Observe a figura a seguir.

Fonte: NBR 6492/2021

Segundo a NBR 6492/2021, a figura representa a escala