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All cultures around the world have their own stereotypes related to gender, age, or nationality. Some are well-known, such as the idea that blondes are dumb or that engineers are men, while others are more local — like the cunning of people from Rio de Janeiro or the belief that Pakistanis are conservative. With the rise of AI-powered chatbots, this questionable cultural baggage is now spreading across the globe, according to a new study.

AI incorporates stereotypes about people from what people say online, and then uses them as if they were part of the world's general knowledge," says Margaret Mitchell, lead researcher of the study and Chief Ethics Scientist at Hugging Face, a company focused on open-source AI models. "Everything is based on what is known in English — in English-speaking culture, especially in the U.S. — and then maybe it gets translated into other languages, but without capturing international nuances. And if these language models are supposed to be general-purpose and work for everyone, then in theory, they should be able to pick up on those differences."

Together with a team of researchers fluent in 16 languages, Mitchell created a list of more than 300 stereotypes from around the world. With this material, the researchers manually created a system to generate questions about these topics, using different tones and angles, which they then posed to several open-source AI models.

Excerpt from: COLOMÉ, Jordi. AI helps spread new stereotypes across cultures. El País, 2025. Available on: https://english.elpais.com/technology/2025-06-24/ai-help s-spread-new-stereotypes-across-cultures.html. Access on October 28th 2025.